00. GENERAL 01. Communication, education, history, and philosophy 01.10.-m Announcements, news, and organizational activities 01.10.Cr Announcements, news, and awards 01.10.Fv Conferences, lectures, and institutes 01.10.Hx Physics organizational activities 01.20.+x Communication forms and techniques (written, oral, electronic, etc.) 01.30.-y Physics literature and publications 01.30.Bb Publications of lectures (advanced institutes, summer schools, etc.) 01.30.Cc Conference proceedings 01.30.Ee Monographs and collections 01.30.Kj Handbooks, dictionaries, tables, and data compilations 01.30.Mm Textbooks for graduates and researchers 01.30.Pp Textbooks for undergraduates 01.30.Rr Surveys and tutorial papers; resource letters 01.30.Tt Bibliographies 01.30.Vv Book reviews 01.30.Xx Publications in electronic media 01.40.-d Education 01.40.Di Course design and evaluation 01.40.Ej Science in elementary and secondary school 01.40.Fk Physics education research (cognition, problem solving, etc.) 01.40.Gm Curricula; teaching methods, strategies, theory of testing and evaluation 01.40.Jp Teacher training 01.50.-i Educational aids 01.50.Fr Audio and visual aids, films 01.50.Ht Instructional computer use 01.50.Kw Techniques of testing 01.50.Lc Laboratory computer use 01.50.My Demonstration experiments and apparatus 01.50.Pa Laboratory experiments and apparatus 01.50.Qb Laboratory course design, organization, and evaluation 01.50.Wg Physics of toys 01.52.+r National and international laboratory facilities 01.55.+b General physics 01.60.+q Biographies, tributes, personal notes, and obituaries 01.65.+g History of science 01.70.+w Philosophy of science 01.75.+m Science and society 01.78.+p Science and government (funding, politics, etc.) 01.80.+b Physics of sports 01.90.+g Other topics of general interest (restricted to new topics in section 01) 02. Mathematical methods in physics 02.10.-v Logic, set theory, and algebra 02.10.Ab Logic and set theory 02.10.De Algebraic structures and number theory 02.10.Hh Rings and algebras 02.10.Kn Knot theory 02.10.Ox Combinatorics; graph theory 02.10.Ud Linear algebra 02.10.Xm Multilinear algebra 02.10.Yn Matrix theory 02.20.-a Group theory 02.20.Bb General structures of groups 02.20.Hj Classical groups 02.20.Qs General properties, structure, and representation of Lie groups 02.20.Rt Discrete subgroups of Lie groups 02.20.Sv Lie algebras of Lie groups 02.20.Tw Infinite-dimensional Lie groups 02.20.Uw Quantum groups 02.30.-f Function theory, analysis 02.30.Cj Measure and integration 02.30.Em Potential theory 02.30.Fn Several complex variables and analytic spaces 02.30.Gp Special functions 02.30.Hq Ordinary differential equations 02.30.Ik Integrable systems 02.30.Jr Partial differential equations 02.30.Ks Delay and functional equations 02.30.Lt Sequences, series, and summability 02.30.Mv Approximations and expansions 02.30.Nw Fourier analysis 02.30.Oz Bifurcation theory 02.30.Px Abstract harmonic analysis 02.30.Rz Integral equations 02.30.Sa Functional analysis 02.30.Tb Operator theory 02.30.Uu Integral transforms 02.30.Vv Operational calculus 02.30.Xx Calculus of variations 02.30.Yy Control theory 02.30.Zz Inverse problems 02.40.-k Geometry, differential geometry, and topology 02.40.Dr Euclidean and projective geometries 02.40.Ft Convex sets and geometric inequalities 02.40.Gh Noncommutative geometry 02.40.Hw Classical differential geometry 02.40.Ky Riemannian geometries 02.40.Ma Global differential geometry 02.40.Pc General topology 02.40.Re Algebraic topology 02.40.Sf Manifolds and cell complexes 02.40.Tt Complex manifolds 02.40.Vh Global analysis and analysis on manifolds 02.40.Xx Singularity theory 02.40.Yy Geometric mechanics 02.50.-r Probability theory, stochastic processes, and statistics 02.50.Cw Probability theory 02.50.Ey Stochastic processes 02.50.Fz Stochastic analysis 02.50.Ga Markov processes 02.50.Le Decision theory and game theory 02.50.Ng Distribution theory and Monte Carlo studies 02.50.Sk Multivariate analysis 02.50.Tt Inference methods 02.60.-x Numerical approximation and analysis 02.60.Cb Numerical simulation; solution of equations 02.60.Dc Numerical linear algebra 02.60.Ed Interpolation; curve fitting 02.60.Gf Algorithms for functional approximation 02.60.Jh Numerical differentiation and integration 02.60.Lj Ordinary and partial differential equations; boundary value problems 02.60.Nm Integral and integrodifferential equations 02.60.Pn Numerical optimization 02.70.-c Computational techniques 02.70.Bf Finite-difference methods 02.70.Dh Finite-element and Galerkin methods 02.70.Hm Spectral methods 02.70.Jn Collocation methods 02.70.Ns Molecular dynamics and particle methods 02.70.Pt Boundary-integral methods 02.70.Rr General statistical methods 02.70.Ss Quantum Monte Carlo methods 02.70.Tt Justifications or modifications of Monte Carlo methods 02.70.Uu Applications of Monte Carlo methods 02.70.Wz Symbolic computation (computer algebra) 02.90.+p Other topics in mathematical methods in physics (restricted to new topics in section 02) 03. Quantum mechanics, field theories, and special relativity 03.30.+p Special relativity 03.50.-z Classical field theories 03.50.De Classical electromagnetism, Maxwell equations 03.50.Kk Other special classical field theories 03.65.-w Quantum mechanics 03.65.Ca Formalism 03.65.Db Functional analytical methods 03.65.Fd Algebraic methods 03.65.Ge Solutions of wave equations: bound states 03.65.Nk Scattering theory 03.65.Pm Relativistic wave equations 03.65.Sq Semiclassical theories and applications 03.65.Ta Foundations of quantum mechanics; measurement theory 03.65.Ud Entanglement and quantum nonlocality (e.g. EPR paradox, Bell's inequalities, GHZ states, etc.) 03.65.Vf Phases: geometric; dynamic or topological 03.65.Wj State reconstruction, quantum tomography 03.65.Xp Tunneling, traversal time, quantum Zeno dynamics 03.65.Yz Decoherence; open systems; quantum statistical methods 03.67.-a Quantum information 03.67.Dd Quantum cryptography 03.67.Hk Quantum communication 03.67.Lx Quantum computation 03.67.Mn Entanglement production, characterization, and manipulation 03.67.Pp Quantum error correction and other methods for protection against decoherence 03.70.+k Theory of quantized fields 03.75.-b Matter waves 03.75.Be Atom and neutron optics 03.75.Dg Atom and neutron interferometry 03.75.Gg Entanglement and decoherence in Bose-Einstein condensates 03.75.Hh Static properties of condensates; thermodynamical, statistical and structural properties 03.75.Kk Dynamic properties of condensates; collective and hydrodynamic excitations, superfluid flow 03.75.Lm Tunneling, Josephson effect, Bose-Einstein condensates in periodic potentials, solitons, vortices and topological excitations 03.75.Mn Multicomponent condensates; spinor condensates 03.75.Nt Other Bose-Einstein condensation phenomena 03.75.Pp Atom lasers 03.75.Ss Degenerate Fermi gases 04. General relativity and gravitation 04.20.-q Classical general relativity 04.20.Cv Fundamental problems and general formalism 04.20.Dw Singularities and cosmic censorship 04.20.Ex Initial value problem, existence and uniqueness of solutions 04.20.Fy Canonical formalism, Lagrangians, and variational principles 04.20.Gz Spacetime topology, causal structure, spinor structure 04.20.Ha Asymptotic structure 04.20.Jb Exact solutions 04.25.-g Approximation methods; equations of motion 04.25.Dm Numerical relativity 04.25.Nx Post-Newtonian approximation; perturbation theory; related approximations 04.30.-w Gravitational waves: theory 04.30.Db Wave generation and sources 04.30.Nk Wave propagation and interactions 04.40.-b Self-gravitating systems; continuous media and classical fields in curved spacetime 04.40.Dg Relativistic stars: structure, stability, and oscillations 04.40.Nr Einstein-Maxwell spacetimes, spacetimes with fluids, radiation or classical fields 04.50.+h Gravity in more than four dimensions, Kaluza-Klein theory, unified field theories; alternative theories of gravity 04.60.-m Quantum gravity 04.60.Ds Canonical quantization 04.60.Gw Covariant and sum-over-histories quantization 04.60.Kz Lower dimensional models; minisuperspace models 04.60.Nc Lattice and discrete methods 04.60.Pp Loop quantum gravity, quantum geometry, spin foams 04.62.+v Quantum field theory in curved spacetime 04.65.+e Supergravity 04.70.-s Physics of black holes 04.70.Bw Classical black holes 04.70.Dy Quantum aspects of black holes, evaporation, thermodynamics 04.80.-y Experimental studies of gravity 04.80.Cc Experimental tests of gravitational theories 04.80.Nn Gravitational wave detectors and experiments 04.90.+e Other topics in general relativity and gravitation (restricted to new topics in section 04) 05. Statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems 05.10.-a Computational methods in statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics 05.10.Cc Renormalization group methods 05.10.Gg Stochastic analysis methods (Fokker-Planck, Langevin, etc.) 05.10.Ln Monte Carlo methods 05.20.-y Classical statistical mechanics 05.20.Dd Kinetic theory 05.20.Gg Classical ensemble theory 05.20.Jj Statistical mechanics of classical fluids 05.30.-d Quantum statistical mechanics 05.30.Ch Quantum ensemble theory 05.30.Fk Fermion systems and electron gas 05.30.Jp Boson systems 05.30.Pr Fractional statistics systems (anyons, etc.) 05.40.-a Fluctuation phenomena, random processes, noise, and Brownian motion 05.40.Ca Noise 05.40.Fb Random walks and Levy flights 05.40.Jc Brownian motion 05.45.-a Nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear dynamical systems 05.45.Ac Low-dimensional chaos 05.45.Df Fractals 05.45.Gg Control of chaos, applications of chaos 05.45.Jn High-dimensional chaos 05.45.Mt Quantum chaos; semiclassical methods 05.45.Pq Numerical simulations of chaotic systems 05.45.Ra Coupled map lattices 05.45.Tp Time series analysis 05.45.Vx Communication using chaos 05.45.Xt Synchronization; coupled oscillators 05.45.Yv Solitons 05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics (Ising, Potts, etc.) 05.60.-k Transport processes 05.60.Cd Classical transport 05.60.Gg Quantum transport 05.65.+b Self-organized systems 05.70.-a Thermodynamics 05.70.Ce Thermodynamic functions and equations of state 05.70.Fh Phase transitions: general studies 05.70.Jk Critical point phenomena 05.70.Ln Nonequilibrium and irreversible thermodynamics 05.70.Np Interface and surface thermodynamics 05.90.+m Other topics in statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems (restricted to new topics in section 05) 06. Metrology, measurements, and laboratory procedures 06.20.-f Metrology 06.20.Dk Measurement and error theory 06.20.Fn Units and standards 06.20.Jr Determination of fundamental constants 06.30.-k Measurements common to several branches of physics and astronomy 06.30.Bp Spatial dimensions (e.g., position, lengths, volume, angles, and displacements) 06.30.Dr Mass and density 06.30.Ft Time and frequency 06.30.Gv Velocity, acceleration, and rotation 06.60.-c Laboratory procedures 06.60.Ei Sample preparation (including design of sample holders) 06.60.Jn High-speed techniques (microsecond to femtosecond) 06.60.Mr Testing and inspecting procedures 06.60.Sx Positioning and alignment; manipulating, remote handling 06.60.Vz Workshop procedures (welding, machining, lubrication, bearings, etc.) 06.60.Wa Laboratory safety procedures 06.90.+v Other topics in metrology, measurements, and laboratory procedures (restricted to new topics in section 06) 07. Instruments, apparatus, and components common to several branches of physics and astronomy 07.05.-t Computers in experimental physics 07.05.Bx Computer systems: hardware, operating systems, computer languages, and utilities 07.05.Dz Control systems 07.05.Fb Design of experiments 07.05.Hd Data acquisition: hardware and software 07.05.Kf Data analysis: algorithms and implementation; data management 07.05.Mh Neural networks, fuzzy logic, artificial intelligence 07.05.Pj Image processing 07.05.Rm Data presentation and visualization: algorithms and implementation 07.05.Tp Computer modeling and simulation 07.05.Wr Computer interfaces 07.07.-a General equipment 07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing 07.07.Hj Display and recording equipment, oscilloscopes, TV cameras, etc. 07.07.Mp Transducers 07.07.Tw Servo and control equipment; robots 07.07.Vx Hygrometers 07.10.-h Mechanical instruments and equipment 07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems 07.10.Fq Vibration isolation 07.10.Lw Balance systems, tensile machines, etc. 07.10.Pz Instruments for strain, force, and torque 07.20.-n Thermal instruments and apparatus 07.20.Dt Thermometers 07.20.Fw Calorimeters 07.20.Hy Furnaces; heaters 07.20.Ka High-temperature instrumentation; pyrometers 07.20.Mc Cryogenics; refrigerators, low-temperature equipment 07.20.Pe Heat engines; heat pumps; heat pipes 07.30.-t Vacuum apparatus 07.30.Bx Degasification, residual gas 07.30.Cy Vacuum pumps 07.30.Dz Vacuum gauges 07.30.Hd Vacuum testing methods; leak detectors 07.30.Kf Vacuum chambers, auxiliary apparatus, and materials 07.35.+k High-pressure apparatus; shock tubes; diamond anvil cells 07.50.-e Electrical and electronic instruments and components 07.50.Ek Circuits and circuit components 07.50.Hp Electrical noise and shielding equipment 07.50.Ls Electrometers 07.50.Qx Signal processing electronics 07.55.-w Magnetic instruments and components 07.55.Db Generation of magnetic fields; magnets 07.55.Ge Magnetometers for magnetic field measurements 07.55.Jg Magnetometers for susceptibility, magnetic moment, and magnetization measurements 07.55.Nk Magnetic shielding in instruments 07.57.-c Infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave instruments and equipment 07.57.Hm Infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave sources 07.57.Kp Bolometers; infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave receivers and detectors 07.57.Pt Submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave spectrometers; magnetic resonance spectrometers, auxiliary equipment, and techniques 07.57.Ty Infrared spectrometers, auxiliary equipment, and techniques 07.60.-j Optical instruments and equipment 07.60.Dq Photometers, radiometers, and colorimeters 07.60.Fs Polarimeters and ellipsometers 07.60.Hv Refractometers and reflectometers 07.60.Ly Interferometers 07.60.Pb Conventional optical microscopes 07.60.Rd Visible and ultraviolet spectrometers 07.60.Vg Fiber-optic instruments 07.64.+z Acoustic instruments and equipment 07.68.+m Photography, photographic instruments; xerography 07.75.+h Mass spectrometers 07.77.-n Atomic, molecular, and charged-particle sources and detectors 07.77.Gx Atomic and molecular beam sources and detectors 07.77.Ka Charged-particle beam sources and detectors 07.78.+s Electron, positron, and ion microscopes; electron diffractometers 07.79.-v Scanning probe microscopes and components 07.79.Cz Scanning tunneling microscopes 07.79.Fc Near-field scanning optical microscopes 07.79.Lh Atomic force microscopes 07.79.Pk Magnetic force microscopes 07.79.Sp Friction force microscopes 07.81.+a Electron and ion spectrometers 07.85.-m X- and gamma-ray instruments 07.85.Fv X- and gamma-ray sources, mirrors, gratings, and detectors 07.85.Jy Diffractometers 07.85.Nc X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometers 07.85.Qe Synchrotron radiation instrumentation 07.85.Tt X-ray microscopes 07.87.+v Spaceborne and space research instruments, apparatus, and components (satellites, space vehicles, etc.) 07.88.+y Instruments for environmental pollution measurements 07.89.+b Environmental effects on instruments (e.g., radiation and pollution effects) 07.90.+c Other topics in instruments, apparatus, and components common to several branches of physics and astronomy (restricted to new topics in section 07) 10. THE PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS 11. General theory of fields and particles 11.10.-z Field theory 11.10.Cd Axiomatic approach 11.10.Ef Lagrangian and Hamiltonian approach 11.10.Gh Renormalization 11.10.Hi Renormalization group evolution of parameters 11.10.Jj Asymptotic problems and properties 11.10.Kk Field theories in dimensions other than four 11.10.Lm Nonlinear or nonlocal theories and models 11.10.Nx Noncommutative field theory 11.10.St Bound and unstable states; Bethe-Salpeter equations 11.10.Wx Finite-temperature field theory 11.15.-q Gauge field theories 11.15.Bt General properties of perturbation theory 11.15.Ex Spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetries 11.15.Ha Lattice gauge theory 11.15.Kc Classical and semiclassical techniques 11.15.Me Strong-coupling expansions 11.15.Pg Expansions for large numbers of components (e.g., 1/Nc expansions) 11.15.Tk Other nonperturbative techniques 11.25.-w Strings and branes 11.25.Db Properties of perturbation theory 11.25.Hf Conformal field theory, algebraic structures 11.25.Mj Compactification and four-dimensional models 11.25.Pm Noncritical string theory 11.25.Sq Nonperturbative techniques; string field theory 11.25.Tq Gauge/string duality 11.25.Uv D branes 11.25.Wx String and brane phenomenology 11.25.Yb M theory 11.27.+d Extended classical solutions; cosmic strings, domain walls, texture 11.30.-j Symmetry and conservation laws 11.30.Cp Lorentz and Poincare invariance 11.30.Er Charge conjugation, parity, time reversal, and other discrete symmetries 11.30.Fs Global symmetries (e.g., baryon number, lepton number) 11.30.Hv Flavor symmetries 11.30.Ly Other internal and higher symmetries 11.30.Na Nonlinear and dynamical symmetries (spectrum-generating symmetries) 11.30.Pb Supersymmetry 11.30.Qc Spontaneous and radiative symmetry breaking 11.30.Rd Chiral symmetries 11.40.-q Currents and their properties 11.40.Dw General theory of currents 11.40.Ex Formal properties of current algebras 11.40.Ha Partially conserved axial-vector currents 11.55.-m S-matrix theory; analytic structure of amplitudes 11.55.Bq Analytic properties of S matrix 11.55.Ds Exact S matrices 11.55.Fv Dispersion relations 11.55.Hx Sum rules 11.55.Jy Regge formalism 11.80.-m Relativistic scattering theory 11.80.Cr Kinematical properties (helicity and invariant amplitudes, kinematic singularities, etc.) 11.80.Et Partial-wave analysis 11.80.Fv Approximations (eikonal approximation, variational principles, etc.) 11.80.Gw Multichannel scattering 11.80.Jy Many-body scattering and Faddeev equation 11.80.La Multiple scattering 11.90.+t Other topics in general theory of fields and particles (restricted to new topics in section 11) 12. Specific theories and interaction models; particle systematics 12.10.-g Unified field theories and models 12.10.Dm Unified theories and models of strong and electroweak interactions 12.10.Kt Unification of couplings; mass relations 12.15.-y Electroweak interactions 12.15.Ff Quark and lepton masses and mixing 12.15.Hh Determination of Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements 12.15.Ji Applications of electroweak models to specific processes 12.15.Lk Electroweak radiative corrections 12.15.Mm Neutral currents 12.20.-m Quantum electrodynamics 12.20.Ds Specific calculations 12.20.Fv Experimental tests 12.38.-t Quantum chromodynamics 12.38.Aw General properties of QCD (dynamics, confinement, etc.) 12.38.Bx Perturbative calculations 12.38.Cy Summation of perturbation theory 12.38.Gc Lattice QCD calculations 12.38.Lg Other nonperturbative calculations 12.38.Mh Quark-gluon plasma 12.38.Qk Experimental tests 12.39.-x Phenomenological quark models 12.39.Ba Bag model 12.39.Dc Skyrmions 12.39.Fe Chiral Lagrangians 12.39.Hg Heavy quark effective theory 12.39.Jh Nonrelativistic quark model 12.39.Ki Relativistic quark model 12.39.Mk Glueball and nonstandard multi-quark/gluon states 12.39.Pn Potential models 12.39.St Factorization 12.40.-y Other models for strong interactions 12.40.Ee Statistical models 12.40.Nn Regge theory, duality, absorptive/optical models 12.40.Vv Vector-meson dominance 12.40.Yx Hadron mass models and calculations 12.60.-i Models beyond the standard model 12.60.Cn Extensions of electroweak gauge sector 12.60.Fr Extensions of electroweak Higgs sector 12.60.Jv Supersymmetric models 12.60.Nz Technicolor models 12.60.Rc Composite models 12.90.+b Miscellaneous theoretical ideas and models (restricted to new topics in section 12) 13. Specific reactions and phenomenology 13.15.+g Neutrino interactions 13.20.-v Leptonic, semileptonic, and radiative decays of mesons 13.20.Cz Decays of pi mesons 13.20.Eb Decays of K mesons 13.20.Fc Decays of charmed mesons 13.20.Gd Decays of J/psi, Upsilon, and other quarkonia 13.20.He Decays of bottom mesons 13.20.Jf Decays of other mesons 13.25.-k Hadronic decays of mesons 13.25.Cq Decays of pi mesons 13.25.Es Decays of K mesons 13.25.Ft Decays of charmed mesons 13.25.Gv Decays of J/psi, Upsilon, and other quarkonia 13.25.Hw Decays of bottom mesons 13.25.Jx Decays of other mesons 13.30.-a Decays of baryons 13.30.Ce Leptonic, semileptonic, and radiative decays 13.30.Eg Hadronic decays 13.35.-r Decays of leptons 13.35.Bv Decays of muons 13.35.Dx Decays of taus 13.35.Hb Decays of heavy neutrinos 13.38.-b Decays of intermediate bosons 13.38.Be Decays of W bosons 13.38.Dg Decays of Z bosons 13.40.-f Electromagnetic processes and properties 13.40.Dk Electromagnetic mass differences 13.40.Em Electric and magnetic moments 13.40.Gp Electromagnetic form factors 13.40.Hq Electromagnetic decays 13.40.Ks Electromagnetic corrections to strong- and weak-interaction processes 13.60.-r Photon and charged-lepton interactions with hadrons 13.60.Fz Elastic and Compton scattering 13.60.Hb Total and inclusive cross sections (including deep-inelastic processes) 13.60.Le Meson production 13.60.Rj Baryon production 13.66.-a Lepton-lepton interactions 13.66.Bc Hadron production in e-e+ interactions 13.66.De Lepton production in e-e+ interactions 13.66.Fg Gauge and Higgs boson production in e-e+ interactions 13.66.Hk Production of non-standard model particles in e-e+ interactions 13.66.Jn Precision mesurements in e-e+ interactions 13.66.Lm Processes in other lepton-lepton interactions 13.75.-n Hadron-induced low- and intermediate-energy reactions and scattering (energy(less-than-or-equal-to)10 GeV) 13.75.Cs Nucleon-nucleon interactions (including antinucleons, deuterons, etc.) 13.75.Ev Hyperon-nucleon interactions 13.75.Gx Pion-baryon interactions 13.75.Jz Kaon-baryon interactions 13.75.Lb Meson-meson interactions 13.85.-t Hadron-induced high- and super-high-energy interactions (energy>10 GeV) 13.85.Dz Elastic scattering 13.85.Fb Inelastic scattering: two-particle final states 13.85.Hd Inelastic scattering: many-particle final states 13.85.Lg Total cross sections 13.85.Ni Inclusive production with identified hadrons 13.85.Qk Inclusive production with identified leptons, photons, or other nonhadronic particles 13.85.Rm Limits on production of particles 13.85.Tp Cosmic-ray interactions 13.87.-a Jets in large-Q2 scattering 13.87.Ce Production 13.87.Fh Fragmentation into hadrons 13.88.+e Polarization in interactions and scattering 13.90.+i Other topics in specific reactions and phenomenology of elementary particles (restricted to new topics in section 13) 14. Properties of specific particles 14.20.-c Baryons (including antiparticles) 14.20.Dh Protons and neutrons 14.20.Gk Baryon resonances with S=0 14.20.Jn Hyperons 14.20.Lq Charmed baryons 14.20.Mr Bottom baryons 14.20.Pt Dibaryons 14.40.-n Mesons 14.40.Aq pi, K, and eta mesons 14.40.Cs Other mesons with S=C=0, mass<2.5 GeV 14.40.Ev Other strange mesons 14.40.Gx Mesons with S=C=B=0, mass>2.5 GeV (including quarkonia) 14.40.Lb Charmed mesons 14.40.Nd Bottom mesons 14.60.-z Leptons 14.60.Cd Electrons (including positrons) 14.60.Ef Muons 14.60.Fg Taus 14.60.Hi Other charged heavy leptons 14.60.Lm Ordinary neutrinos (nue, numu, nutau) 14.60.Pq Neutrino mass and mixing 14.60.St Non-standard-model neutrinos, right-handed neutrinos, etc. 14.65.-q Quarks 14.65.Bt Light quarks 14.65.Dw Charmed quarks 14.65.Fy Bottom quarks 14.65.Ha Top quarks 14.70.-e Gauge bosons 14.70.Bh Photons 14.70.Dj Gluons 14.70.Fm W bosons 14.70.Hp Z bosons 14.70.Pw Other gauge bosons 14.80.-j Other particles (including hypothetical) 14.80.Bn Standard-model Higgs bosons 14.80.Cp Non-standard-model Higgs bosons 14.80.Hv Magnetic monopoles 14.80.Ly Supersymmetric partners of known particles 14.80.Mz Axions and other Nambu-Goldstone bosons (Majorons, familons, etc.) 20. NUCLEAR PHYSICS 21. Nuclear structure 21.10.-k Properties of nuclei; nuclear energy levels 21.10.Dr Binding energies and masses 21.10.Ft Charge distribution 21.10.Gv Mass and neutron distributions 21.10.Hw Spin, parity, and isobaric spin 21.10.Jx Spectroscopic factors 21.10.Ky Electromagnetic moments 21.10.Ma Level density 21.10.Pc Single-particle levels and strength functions 21.10.Re Collective levels 21.10.Sf Coulomb energies 21.10.Tg Lifetimes 21.30.-x Nuclear forces 21.30.Cb Nuclear forces in vacuum 21.30.Fe Forces in hadronic systems and effective interactions 21.45.+v Few-body systems 21.60.-n Nuclear structure models and methods 21.60.Cs Shell model 21.60.Ev Collective models 21.60.Fw Models based on group theory 21.60.Gx Cluster models 21.60.Jz Hartree-Fock and random-phase approximations 21.60.Ka Monte Carlo models 21.65.+f Nuclear matter 21.80.+a Hypernuclei 21.90.+f Other topics in nuclear structure (restricted to new topics in section 21) 23. Radioactive decay and in-beam spectroscopy 23.20.-g Electromagnetic transitions 23.20.En Angular distribution and correlation measurements 23.20.Gq Multipole mixing ratios 23.20.Js Multipole matrix elements 23.20.Lv gamma transitions and level energies 23.20.Nx Internal conversion and extranuclear effects 23.20.Ra Internal pair production 23.40.-s Beta decay; double beta decay; electron and muon capture 23.40.Bw Weak-interaction and lepton (including neutrino) aspects 23.40.Hc Relation with nuclear matrix elements and nuclear structure 23.50.+z Decay by proton emission 23.60.+e Alpha decay 23.70.+j Heavy-particle decay 23.90.+w Other topics in radioactive decay and in-beam spectroscopy (restricted to new topics in section 23) 24. Nuclear reactions: general 24.10.-i Nuclear reaction models and methods 24.10.Cn Many-body theory 24.10.Eq Coupled-channel and distorted-wave models 24.10.Ht Optical and diffraction models 24.10.Jv Relativistic models 24.10.Lx Monte Carlo simulations (including hadron and parton cascades and string breaking models) 24.10.Nz Hydrodynamic models 24.10.Pa Thermal and statistical models 24.30.-v Resonance reactions 24.30.Cz Giant resonances 24.30.Gd Other resonances 24.50.+g Direct reactions 24.60.-k Statistical theory and fluctuations 24.60.Dr Statistical compound-nucleus reactions 24.60.Gv Statistical multistep direct reactions 24.60.Ky Fluctuation phenomena 24.60.Lz Chaos in nuclear systems 24.70.+s Polarization phenomena in reactions 24.75.+i General properties of fission 24.80.+y Nuclear tests of fundamental interactions and symmetries 24.85.+p Quarks, gluons, and QCD in nuclei and nuclear processes 24.90.+d Other topics in nuclear reactions: general (restricted to new topics in section 24) 25. Nuclear reactions: specific reactions 25.10.+s Nuclear reactions involving few-nucleon systems 25.20.-x Photonuclear reactions 25.20.Dc Photon absorption and scattering 25.20.Lj Photoproduction reactions 25.30.-c Lepton-induced reactions 25.30.Bf Elastic electron scattering 25.30.Dh Inelastic electron scattering to specific states 25.30.Fj Inelastic electron scattering to continuum 25.30.Hm Positron scattering 25.30.Mr Muon scattering (including the EMC effect) 25.30.Pt Neutrino scattering 25.30.Rw Electroproduction reactions 25.40.-h Nucleon-induced reactions 25.40.Cm Elastic proton scattering 25.40.Dn Elastic neutron scattering 25.40.Ep Inelastic proton scattering 25.40.Fq Inelastic neutron scattering 25.40.Hs Transfer reactions 25.40.Kv Charge-exchange reactions 25.40.Lw Radiative capture 25.40.Ny Resonance reactions 25.40.Qa (p, pi) reactions 25.40.Sc Spallation reactions 25.40.Ve Other reactions above meson production thresholds (energies>400 MeV) 25.43.+t Antiproton-induced reactions 25.45.-z 2H-induced reactions 25.45.De Elastic and inelastic scattering 25.45.Hi Transfer reactions 25.45.Kk Charge-exchange reactions 25.55.-e 3H-, 3He-, and 4He-induced reactions 25.55.Ci Elastic and inelastic scattering 25.55.Hp Transfer reactions 25.55.Kr Charge-exchange reactions 25.60.-t Reactions induced by unstable nuclei 25.60.Bx Elastic scattering 25.60.Dz Interaction and reaction cross sections 25.60.Gc Breakup and momentum distributions 25.60.Je Transfer reactions 25.60.Lg Charge-exchange reactions 25.60.Pj Fusion reactions 25.70.-z Low and intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions 25.70.Bc Elastic and quasielastic scattering 25.70.De Coulomb excitation 25.70.Ef Resonances 25.70.Gh Compound nucleus 25.70.Hi Transfer reactions 25.70.Jj Fusion and fusion-fission reactions 25.70.Kk Charge-exchange reactions 25.70.Lm Strongly damped collisions 25.70.Mn Projectile and target fragmentation 25.70.Pq Multifragment emission and correlations 25.75.-q Relativistic heavy-ion collisions 25.75.Dw Particle and resonance production 25.75.Gz Particle correlations 25.75.Ld Collective flow 25.75.Nq Quark deconfinement, quark-gluon plasma production, and phase transitions 25.80.-e Meson- and hyperon-induced reactions 25.80.Dj Pion elastic scattering 25.80.Ek Pion inelastic scattering 25.80.Gn Pion charge-exchange reactions 25.80.Hp Pion-induced reactions 25.80.Ls Pion inclusive scattering and absorption 25.80.Nv Kaon-induced reactions 25.80.Pw Hyperon-induced reactions 25.85.-w Fission reactions 25.85.Ca Spontaneous fission 25.85.Ec Neutron-induced fission 25.85.Ge Charged-particle-induced fission 25.85.Jg Photofission 25.90.+k Other topics in nuclear reactions: specific reactions (restricted to new topics in section 25) 26. Nuclear astrophysics 26.20.+f Hydrostatic stellar nucleosynthesis 26.30.+k Nucleosynthesis in novae, supernovae and other explosive environments 26.35.+c Big Bang nucleosynthesis 26.40.+r Cosmic ray nucleosynthesis 26.50.+x Nuclear physics aspects of novae, supernovae, and other explosive environments 26.60.+c Nuclear matter aspects of neutron stars 26.65.+t Solar neutrinos 27. Properties of specific nuclei listed by mass ranges 27.10.+h A(less-than-or-equal-to)5 27.20.+n 6(less-than-or-equal-to)A(less-than-or-equal-to)19 27.30.+t 20(less-than-or-equal-to)A(less-than-or-equal-to)38 27.40.+z 39(less-than-or-equal-to)A(less-than-or-equal-to)58 27.50.+e 59(less-than-or-equal-to)A(less-than-or-equal-to)89 27.60.+j 90(less-than-or-equal-to)A(less-than-or-equal-to)149 27.70.+q 150(less-than-or-equal-to)A(less-than-or-equal-to)189 27.80.+w 190(less-than-or-equal-to)A(less-than-or-equal-to)219 27.90.+b 220(less-than-or-equal-to)A 28. Nuclear engineering and nuclear power studies 28.20.-v Neutron physics 28.20.Cz Neutron scattering 28.20.Fc Neutron absorption 28.20.Gd Neutron transport: diffusion and moderation 28.41.-i Fission reactors 28.41.Ak Theory, design, and computerized simulation 28.41.Bm Fuel elements, preparation, reloading, and reprocessing 28.41.Fr Reactor coolants, reactor cooling, and heat recovery 28.41.Kw Radioactive wastes, waste disposal 28.41.My Reactor control systems 28.41.Pa Moderators 28.41.Qb Structural and shielding materials 28.41.Rc Instrumentation 28.41.Te Protection systems, safety, radiation monitoring, accidents, and dismantling 28.50.-k Fission reactor types 28.50.Dr Research reactors 28.50.Ft Fast and breeder reactors 28.50.Hw Power and production reactors 28.50.Ky Propulsion reactors 28.50.Ma Auxiliary generators 28.52.-s Fusion reactors 28.52.Av Theory, design, and computerized simulation 28.52.Cx Fueling, heating and ignition 28.52.Fa Materials 28.52.Lf Components and instrumentation 28.52.Nh Safety 28.60.+s Isotope separation and enrichment 28.70.+y Nuclear explosions 28.90.+i Other topics in nuclear engineering and nuclear power studies (restricted to new topics in section 28) 29. Experimental methods and instrumentation for elementary-particle and nuclear physics 29.17.+w Electrostatic, collective, and linear accelerators 29.20.-c Cyclic accelerators and storage rings 29.20.Dh Storage rings 29.20.Fj Betatrons 29.20.Hm Cyclotrons 29.20.Lq Synchrotrons 29.25.-t Particle sources and targets 29.25.Bx Electron sources 29.25.Dz Neutron sources 29.25.Lg Ion sources: polarized 29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative 29.25.Pj Polarized and other targets 29.25.Rm Sources of radioactive nuclei 29.27.-a Beams in particle accelerators 29.27.Ac Beam injection and extraction 29.27.Bd Beam dynamics; collective effects and instabilities 29.27.Eg Beam handling; beam transport 29.27.Fh Beam characteristics 29.27.Hj Polarized beams 29.30.-h Spectrometers and spectroscopic techniques 29.30.Aj Charged-particle spectrometers: electric and magnetic 29.30.Dn Electron spectroscopy 29.30.Ep Charged-particle spectroscopy 29.30.Hs Neutron spectroscopy 29.30.Kv X- and gamma-ray spectroscopy 29.30.Lw Nuclear orientation devices 29.40.-n Radiation detectors 29.40.Cs Gas-filled counters: ionization chambers, proportional, and avalanche counters 29.40.Gx Tracking and position-sensitive detectors 29.40.Ka Cherenkov detectors 29.40.Mc Scintillation detectors 29.40.Rg Nuclear emulsions 29.40.Vj Calorimeters 29.40.Wk Solid-state detectors 29.50.+v Computer interfaces 29.85.+c Computer data analysis 29.90.+r Other topics in elementary-particle and nuclear physics experimental methods and instrumentation (restricted to new topics in section 29) 30. ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS 31. Electronic structure of atoms and molecules: theory 31.10.+z Theory of electronic structure, electronic transitions, and chemical binding 31.15.-p Calculations and mathematical techniques in atomic and molecular physics (excluding electron correlation calculations) 31.15.Ar Ab initio calculations 31.15.Bs Statistical model calculations (including Thomas-Fermi and Thomas-Fermi-Dirac models) 31.15.Ct Semi-empirical and empirical calculations (differential overlap, Hückel, PPP methods, etc.) 31.15.Dv Coupled-cluster theory 31.15.Ew Density-functional theory 31.15.Fx Finite-difference schemes 31.15.Gy Semiclassical methods 31.15.Hz Group theory 31.15.Ja Hyperspherical methods 31.15.Kb Path-integral methods 31.15.Lc Quasiparticle methods 31.15.Md Perturbation theory 31.15.Ne Self-consistent-field methods 31.15.Pf Variational techniques 31.15.Qg Molecular dynamics and other numerical methods 31.15.Rh Valence bond calculations 31.25.-v Electron correlation calculations for atoms and molecules 31.25.Eb Electron correlation calculations for atoms and ions: ground state 31.25.Jf Electron correlation calculations for atoms and ions: excited states 31.25.Nj Electron correlation calculations for diatomic molecules 31.25.Qm Electron correlation calculations for polyatomic molecules 31.30.-i Corrections to electronic structure 31.30.Gs Hyperfine interactions and isotope effects, Jahn-Teller effect 31.30.Jv Relativistic and quantum electrodynamic effects in atoms and molecules 31.50.-x Potential energy surfaces 31.50.Bc Potential energy surfaces for ground electronic states 31.50.Df Potential energy surfaces for excited electronic states 31.50.Gh Surface crossings, non-adiabatic couplings 31.70.-f Effects of atomic and molecular interactions on electronic structure 31.70.Dk Environmental and solvent effects 31.70.Hq Time-dependent phenomena: excitation and relaxation processes, and reaction rates 31.70.Ks Molecular solids 31.90.+s Other topics in the theory of the electronic structure of atoms and molecules (restricted to new topics in section 31) 32. Atomic properties and interactions with photons 32.10.-f Properties of atoms 32.10.Bi Atomic masses, mass spectra, abundances, and isotopes 32.10.Dk Electric and magnetic moments, polarizability 32.10.Fn Fine and hyperfine structure 32.10.Hq Ionization potentials, electron affinities 32.30.-r Atomic spectra 32.30.Bv Radio-frequency, microwave, and infrared spectra 32.30.Dx Magnetic resonance spectra 32.30.Jc Visible and ultraviolet spectra 32.30.Rj X-ray spectra 32.50.+d Fluorescence, phosphorescence (including quenching) 32.60.+i Zeeman and Stark effects 32.70.-n Intensities and shapes of atomic spectral lines 32.70.Cs Oscillator strengths, lifetimes, transition moments 32.70.Fw Absolute and relative intensities 32.70.Jz Line shapes, widths, and shifts 32.80.-t Photon interactions with atoms 32.80.Bx Level crossing and optical pumping 32.80.Cy Atomic scattering, cross sections, and form factors; Compton scattering 32.80.Dz Autoionization 32.80.Fb Photoionization of atoms and ions 32.80.Gc Photodetachment of atomic negative ions 32.80.Hd Auger effect and inner-shell excitation or ionization 32.80.Lg Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, and ions 32.80.Pj Optical cooling of atoms; trapping 32.80.Qk Coherent control of atomic interactions with photons 32.80.Rm Multiphoton ionization and excitation to highly excited states (e.g., Rydberg states) 32.80.Wr Other multiphoton processes 32.80.Ys Weak-interaction effects in atoms 32.90.+a Other topics in atomic properties and interactions of atoms with photons (restricted to new topics in section 32) 33. Molecular properties and interactions with photons 33.15.-e Properties of molecules 33.15.Bh General molecular conformation and symmetry; stereochemistry 33.15.Dj Interatomic distances and angles 33.15.Fm Bond strengths, dissociation energies 33.15.Hp Barrier heights (internal rotation, inversion, rotational isomerism, conformational dynamics) 33.15.Kr Electric and magnetic moments (and derivatives), polarizability, and magnetic susceptibility 33.15.Mt Rotation, vibration, and vibration-rotation constants 33.15.Pw Fine and hyperfine structure 33.15.Ry Ionization potentials, electron affinities, molecular core binding energy 33.15.Ta Mass spectra 33.15.Vb Correlation times in molecular dynamics 33.20.-t Molecular spectra 33.20.Bx Radio-frequency and microwave spectra 33.20.Ea Infrared spectra 33.20.Fb Raman and Rayleigh spectra (including optical scattering) 33.20.Kf Visible spectra 33.20.Lg Ultraviolet spectra 33.20.Ni Vacuum ultraviolet spectra 33.20.Rm X-ray spectra 33.20.Sn Rotational analysis 33.20.Tp Vibrational analysis 33.20.Vq Vibration-rotation analysis 33.20.Wr Vibronic, rovibronic, and rotation-electron-spin interactions 33.25.+k Nuclear resonance and relaxation 33.35.+r Electron resonance and relaxation 33.40.+f Multiple resonances (including double and higher-order resonance processes, such as double nuclear magnetic resonance, electron double resonance, and microwave optical double resonance) 33.45.+x Mössbauer spectra 33.50.-j Fluorescence and phosphorescence; radiationless transitions, quenching (intersystem crossing, internal conversion) 33.50.Dq Fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra 33.50.Hv Radiationless transitions, quenching 33.55.-b Optical activity and dichroism; magnetooptical and electrooptical spectra 33.55.Ad Optical activity, optical rotation; circular dichroism 33.55.Be Zeeman and Stark effects 33.55.Fi Other magnetooptical and electrooptical effects 33.60.-q Photoelectron spectra 33.60.Cv Ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet photoelectron spectra 33.60.Fy X-ray photoelectron spectra 33.70.-w Intensities and shapes of molecular spectral lines and bands 33.70.Ca Oscillator and band strengths, lifetimes, transition moments, and Franck-Condon factors 33.70.Fd Absolute and relative line and band intensities 33.70.Jg Line and band widths, shapes, and shifts 33.80.-b Photon interactions with molecules 33.80.Be Level crossing and optical pumping 33.80.Eh Autoionization, photoionization, and photodetachment 33.80.Gj Diffuse spectra; predissociation, photodissociation 33.80.Ps Optical cooling of molecules; trapping 33.80.Rv Multiphoton ionization and excitation to highly excited states (e.g., Rydberg states) 33.80.Wz Other multiphoton processes 33.90.+h Other topics in molecular properties and interactions with photons (restricted to new topics in section 33) 34. Atomic and molecular collision processes and interactions 34.10.+x General theories and models of atomic and molecular collisions and interactions (including statistical theories, transition state, stochastic and trajectory models, etc.) 34.20.-b Interatomic and intermolecular potentials and forces, potential energy surfaces for collisions 34.20.Cf Interatomic potentials and forces 34.20.Gj Intermolecular and atom-molecule potentials and forces 34.20.Mq Potential energy surfaces for collisions 34.30.+h Intramolecular energy transfer; intramolecular dynamics; dynamics of van der Waals molecules 34.50.-s Scattering of atoms and molecules 34.50.Bw Energy loss and stopping power 34.50.Dy Interactions of atoms and molecules with surfaces; photon and electron emission; neutralization of ions 34.50.Ez Rotational and vibrational energy transfer 34.50.Fa Electronic excitation and ionization of atoms (including beam-foil excitation and ionization) 34.50.Gb Electronic excitation and ionization of molecules; intermediate molecular states (including lifetimes, state mixing, etc.) 34.50.Lf Chemical reactions, energy disposal, and angular distribution, as studied by atomic and molecular beams 34.50.Pi State-to-state scattering analyses 34.50.Rk Laser-modified scattering and reactions 34.60.+z Scattering in highly excited states (e.g., Rydberg states) 34.70.+e Charge transfer 34.80.-i Electron scattering 34.80.Bm Elastic scattering of electrons by atoms and molecules 34.80.Dp Atomic excitation and ionization by electron impact 34.80.Gs Molecular excitation and ionization by electron impact 34.80.Ht Dissociation and dissociative attachment by electron impact 34.80.Kw Electron-ion scattering; excitation and ionization 34.80.Lx Electron-ion recombination and electron attachment 34.80.My Fundamental electron inelastic processes in weakly ionized gases 34.80.Nz Spin dependence of cross sections; polarized electron beam experiments 34.80.Pa Coherence and correlation in electron scattering 34.80.Qb Laser-modified scattering 34.85.+x Positron scattering 34.90.+q Other topics in atomic and molecular collision processes and interactions (restricted to new topics in section 34) 36. Exotic atoms and molecules; macromolecules; clusters 36.10.-k Exotic atoms and molecules (containing mesons, muons, and other unusual particles) 36.10.Dr Positronium, muonium, muonic atoms and molecules 36.10.Gv Mesonic atoms and molecules, hyperonic atoms and molecules 36.20.-r Macromolecules and polymer molecules 36.20.Cw Molecular weights, dispersity 36.20.Ey Conformation (statistics and dynamics) 36.20.Fz Constitution (chains and sequences) 36.20.Hb Configuration (bonds, dimensions) 36.20.Kd Electronic structure and spectra 36.20.Ng Vibrational and rotational structure, infrared and Raman spectra 36.40.-c Atomic and molecular clusters 36.40.Cg Electronic and magnetic properties of clusters 36.40.Ei Phase transitions in clusters 36.40.Gk Plasma and collective effects in clusters 36.40.Jn Reactivity of clusters 36.40.Mr Spectroscopy and geometrical structure of clusters 36.40.Qv Stability and fragmentation of clusters 36.40.Sx Diffusion and dynamics of clusters 36.40.Vz Optical properties of clusters 36.40.Wa Charged clusters 36.90.+f Other exotic atoms and molecules; macromolecules; clusters (restricted to new topics in section 36) 39. Instrumentation and techniques for atomic and molecular physics 39.10.+j Atomic and molecular beam sources and techniques 39.20.+q Atom interferometry techniques 39.25.+k Atom manipulation (scanning probe microscopy, laser cooling, etc.) 39.30.+w Spectroscopic techniques 39.90.+d Other instrumentation and techniques for atomic and molecular physics (restricted to new topics in section 39) 40. ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS 41. Electromagnetism; electron and ion optics 41.20.-q Applied classical electromagnetism 41.20.Cv Electrostatics; Poisson and Laplace equations, boundary-value problems 41.20.Gz Magnetostatics; magnetic shielding, magnetic induction, boundary-value problems 41.20.Jb Electromagnetic wave propagation; radiowave propagation 41.50.+h X-ray beams and x-ray optics 41.60.-m Radiation by moving charges 41.60.Ap Synchrotron radiation 41.60.Bq Cherenkov radiation 41.60.Cr Free-electron lasers 41.75.-i Charged-particle beams 41.75.Ak Positive-ion beams 41.75.Cn Negative-ion beams 41.75.Fr Electron and positron beams 41.75.Ht Relativistic electron and positron beams 41.75.Jv Laser-driven acceleration 41.75.Lx Other advanced accelerator concepts 41.85.-p Beam optics 41.85.Ar Beam extraction, beam injection 41.85.Ct Beam shaping, beam splitting 41.85.Ew Beam profile, beam intensity 41.85.Gy Chromatic and geometrical aberrations 41.85.Ja Beam transport 41.85.Lc Beam focusing and bending magnets, wiggler magnets, and quadrupoles 41.85.Ne Electrostatic lenses, septa 41.85.Qg Beam analyzers, beam monitors, and Faraday cups 41.85.Si Beam collimators, monochromators 41.90.+e Other topics in electromagnetism; electron and ion optics (restricted to new topics in section 41) 42. Optics 42.15.-i Geometrical optics 42.15.Dp Wave fronts and ray tracing 42.15.Eq Optical system design 42.15.Fr Aberrations 42.25.-p Wave optics 42.25.Bs Wave propagation, transmission and absorption 42.25.Dd Wave propagation in random media 42.25.Fx Diffraction and scattering 42.25.Gy Edge and boundary effects; reflection and refraction 42.25.Hz Interference 42.25.Ja Polarization 42.25.Kb Coherence 42.25.Lc Birefringence 42.30.-d Imaging and optical processing 42.30.Kq Fourier optics 42.30.Lr Modulation and optical transfer functions 42.30.Ms Speckle and moire patterns 42.30.Rx Phase retrieval 42.30.Sy Pattern recognition 42.30.Tz Computer vision; robotic vision 42.30.Va Image forming and processing 42.30.Wb Image reconstruction; tomography 42.40.-i Holography 42.40.Eq Holographic optical elements; holographic gratings 42.40.Ht Hologram recording and readout methods 42.40.Jv Computer-generated holograms 42.40.Kw Holographic interferometry; other holographic techniques 42.40.Lx Diffraction efficiency, resolution, and other hologram characteristics 42.40.My Applications 42.40.Pa Volume holograms 42.50.-p Quantum optics 42.50.Ar Photon statistics and coherence theory 42.50.Ct Quantum description of interaction of light and matter; related experiments 42.50.Dv Nonclassical states of the electromagnetic field, including entangled photon states; quantum state engineering and measurements 42.50.Fx Cooperative phenomena in quantum optical systems 42.50.Gy Effects of atomic coherence on propagation, absorption, and amplification of light; electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption 42.50.Hz Strong-field excitation of optical transitions in quantum systems; multiphoton processes; dynamic Stark shift 42.50.Lc Quantum fluctuations, quantum noise, and quantum jumps 42.50.Md Optical transient phenomena: quantum beats, photon echo, free-induction decay, dephasings and revivals, optical nutation, and self-induced transparency 42.50.Nn Quantum optical phenomena in absorbing, dispersive and conducting media 42.50.Pq Cavity quantum electrodynamics; micromasers 42.50.St Nonclassical interferometry, subwavelength lithography 42.50.Vk Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, electrons, and ions 42.50.Xa Optical tests of quantum theory 42.55.-f Lasers 42.55.Ah General laser theory 42.55.Ks Chemical lasers 42.55.Lt Gas lasers including excimer and metal-vapor lasers 42.55.Mv Dye lasers 42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes 42.55.Rz Doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers 42.55.Sa Microcavity and microdisk lasers 42.55.Tv Photonic crystal lasers and coherent effects 42.55.Vc X- and gamma-ray lasers 42.55.Wd Fiber lasers 42.55.Xi Diode-pumped lasers 42.55.Ye Raman lasers 42.55.Zz Random lasers 42.60.-v Laser optical systems: design and operation 42.60.By Design of specific laser systems 42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings 42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking 42.60.Gd Q-switching 42.60.Jf Beam characteristics: profile, intensity, and power; spatial pattern formation 42.60.Lh Efficiency, stability, gain, and other operational parameters 42.60.Mi Dynamical laser instabilities; noisy laser behavior 42.60.Pk Continuous operation 42.60.Rn Relaxation oscillations and long pulse operation 42.62.-b Laser applications 42.62.Be Biological and medical applications 42.62.Cf Industrial applications 42.62.Eh Metrological applications; optical frequency synthesizers for precision spectroscopy 42.62.Fi Laser spectroscopy 42.65.-k Nonlinear optics 42.65.An Optical susceptibility, hyperpolarizability 42.65.Dr Stimulated Raman scattering; CARS 42.65.Es Stimulated Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering 42.65.Hw Phase conjugation; photorefractive and Kerr effects 42.65.Jx Beam trapping, self-focusing and defocusing; self-phase modulation 42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation 42.65.Lm Parametric down conversion and production of entangled photons 42.65.Pc Optical bistability, multistability, and switching, including local field effects 42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression 42.65.Sf Dynamics of nonlinear optical systems; optical instabilities, optical chaos and complexity, and optical spatio-temporal dynamics 42.65.Tg Optical solitons; nonlinear guided waves 42.65.Wi Nonlinear waveguides 42.65.Yj Optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers 42.66.-p Physiological optics 42.66.Ct Anatomy and optics of eye 42.66.Ew Physiology of eye; optic-nerve structure and function 42.66.Lc Vision: light detection, adaptation, and discrimination 42.66.Ne Color vision: color detection, adaptation, and discrimination 42.66.Qg Scales for light and color detection 42.66.Si Psychophysics of vision, visual perception; binocular vision 42.68.-w Atmospheric and ocean optics 42.68.Ay Propagation, transmission, attenuation, and radiative transfer 42.68.Bz Atmospheric turbulence effects 42.68.Ca Spectral absorption by atmospheric gases 42.68.Ge Effects of clouds and water; ice crystal phenomena 42.68.Jg Effects of aerosols 42.68.Kh Effects of air pollution 42.68.Mj Scattering, polarization 42.68.Sq Image transmission and formation 42.68.Wt Remote sensing; LIDAR and adaptive systems 42.68.Xy Ocean optics 42.70.-a Optical materials 42.70.Ce Glasses, quartz 42.70.Df Liquid crystals 42.70.Gi Light-sensitive materials 42.70.Hj Laser materials 42.70.Jk Polymers and organics 42.70.Km Infrared transmitting materials 42.70.Ln Holographic recording materials; optical storage media 42.70.Mp Nonlinear optical crystals 42.70.Nq Other nonlinear optical materials; photorefractive and semiconductor materials 42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials 42.72.-g Optical sources and standards 42.72.Ai Infrared sources 42.72.Bj Visible and ultraviolet sources 42.79.-e Optical elements, devices, and systems 42.79.Ag Apertures, collimators 42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors 42.79.Ci Filters, zone plates, and polarizers 42.79.Dj Gratings 42.79.Ek Solar collectors and concentrators 42.79.Fm Reflectors, beam splitters, and deflectors 42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers 42.79.Hp Optical processors, correlators, and modulators 42.79.Jq Acousto-optical devices 42.79.Kr Display devices, liquid-crystal devices 42.79.Ls Scanners, image intensifiers, and image converters 42.79.Mt Schlieren devices 42.79.Nv Optical frequency converters 42.79.Pw Imaging detectors and sensors 42.79.Qx Range finders, remote sensing devices; laser Doppler velocimeters, SAR, and LIDAR 42.79.Ry Gradient-index (GRIN) devices 42.79.Sz Optical communication systems, multiplexers, and demultiplexers 42.79.Ta Optical computers, logic elements, interconnects, switches; neural networks 42.79.Vb Optical storage systems, optical disks 42.79.Wc Optical coatings 42.81.-i Fiber optics 42.81.Bm Fabrication, cladding, and splicing 42.81.Cn Fiber testing and measurement of fiber parameters 42.81.Dp Propagation, scattering, and losses; solitons 42.81.Gs Birefringence, polarization 42.81.Ht Gradient-index (GRIN) fiber devices 42.81.Pa Sensors, gyros 42.81.Qb Fiber waveguides, couplers, and arrays 42.81.Uv Fiber networks 42.81.Wg Other fiber-optical devices 42.82.-m Integrated optics 42.82.Bq Design and performance testing of integrated-optical systems 42.82.Cr Fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer 42.82.Ds Interconnects, including holographic interconnects 42.82.Et Waveguides, couplers, and arrays 42.82.Fv Hybrid systems 42.82.Gw Other integrated-optical elements and systems 42.86.+b Optical workshop techniques 42.87.-d Optical testing techniques 42.87.Bg Phase shifting interferometry 42.88.+h Environmental and radiation effects on optical elements, devices, and systems 42.90.+m Other topics in optics (restricted to new topics in section 42) 43. Acoustics 43.20.+g General linear acoustics 43.25.+y Nonlinear acoustics 43.28.+h Aeroacoustics and atmospheric sound 43.30.+m Underwater sound 43.35.+d Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics, and physical effects of sound 43.38.+n Transduction; acoustical devices for the generation and reproduction of sound 43.40.+s Structural acoustics and vibration 43.50.+y Noise: its effects and control 43.55.+p Architectural acoustics 43.58.+z Acoustical measurements and instrumentation 43.60.+d Acoustic signal processing 43.64.+r Physiological acoustics 43.66.+y Psychological acoustics 43.70.+i Speech production 43.71.+m Speech perception 43.72.+q Speech processing and communication systems 43.75.+a Music and musical instruments 43.80.+p Bioacoustics 43.90.+v Other topics in acoustics (restricted to new topics in section 43) 44. Heat transfer 44.05.+e Analytical and numerical techniques 44.10.+i Heat conduction 44.15.+a Channel and internal heat flow 44.20.+b Boundary layer heat flow 44.25.+f Natural convection 44.27.+g Forced convection 44.30.+v Heat flow in porous media 44.35.+c Heat flow in multiphase systems 44.40.+a Thermal radiation 44.90.+c Other topics in heat transfer (restricted to new topics in section 44) 45. Classical mechanics of discrete systems 45.05.+x General theory of classical mechanics of discrete systems 45.10.-b Computational methods in classical mechanics 45.10.Db Variational and optimization methods 45.10.Hj Perturbation and fractional calculus methods 45.10.Na Geometrical and tensorial methods 45.20.-d Formalisms in classical mechanics 45.20.Dd Newtonian mechanics 45.20.Jj Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics 45.30.+s General linear dynamical systems 45.40.-f Dynamics and kinematics of rigid bodies 45.40.Cc Rigid body and gyroscope motion 45.40.Gj Ballistics (projectiles; rockets) 45.40.Ln Robotics 45.50.-j Dynamics and kinematics of a particle and a system of particles 45.50.Dd General motion 45.50.Jf Few- and many-body systems 45.50.Pk Celestial mechanics 45.50.Tn Collisions 45.70.-n Granular systems 45.70.Cc Static sandpiles; granular compaction 45.70.Ht Avalanches 45.70.Mg Granular flow: mixing, segregation and stratification 45.70.Qj Pattern formation 45.70.Vn Granular models of complex systems; traffic flow 45.80.+r Control of mechanical systems 45.90.+t Other topics in classical mechanics of discrete systems (restricted to new topics in section 45) 46. Continuum mechanics of solids 46.05.+b General theory of continuum mechanics of solids 46.15.-x Computational methods in continuum mechanics 46.15.Cc Variational and optimizational methods 46.15.Ff Perturbation and complex analysis methods 46.25.-y Static elasticity 46.25.Cc Theoretical studies 46.25.Hf Thermoelasticity and electromagnetic elasticity (electroelasticity, magnetoelasticity) 46.32.+x Static buckling and instability 46.35.+z Viscoelasticity, plasticity, viscoplasticity 46.40.-f Vibrations and mechanical waves 46.40.Cd Mechanical wave propagation (including diffraction, scattering, and dispersion) 46.40.Ff Resonance, damping and dynamic stability 46.40.Jj Aeroelasticity and hydroelasticity 46.50.+a Fracture mechanics, fatigue and cracks 46.55.+d Tribology and mechanical contacts 46.65.+g Random phenomena and media 46.70.-p Application of continuum mechanics to structures 46.70.De Beams, plates and shells 46.70.Hg Membranes, rods and strings 46.70.Lk Other structures 46.80.+j Measurement methods and techniques in continuum mechanics of solids 46.90.+s Other topics in continuum mechanics of solids (restricted to new topics in section 46) 47. Fluid dynamics 47.10.+g General theory 47.11.+j Computational methods in fluid dynamics 47.15.-x Laminar flows 47.15.Cb Laminar boundary layers 47.15.Fe Stability of laminar flows 47.15.Gf Low-Reynolds-number (creeping) flows 47.15.Hg Potential flows 47.15.Ki Inviscid flows with vorticity 47.15.Pn Laminar suspensions 47.15.Rq Laminar flows in cavities 47.17.+e Mechanical properties of fluids 47.20.-k Hydrodynamic stability 47.20.Bp Buoyancy-driven instability 47.20.Cq Inviscid instability 47.20.Dr Surface-tension-driven instability 47.20.Ft Instability of shear flows 47.20.Gv Viscous instability 47.20.Hw Morphological instability; phase changes 47.20.Ky Nonlinearity (including bifurcation theory) 47.20.Lz Secondary instability 47.20.Ma Interfacial instability 47.20.Pc Receptivity 47.27.-i Turbulent flows, convection, and heat transfer 47.27.Ak Fundamentals 47.27.Cn Transition to turbulence 47.27.Eq Turbulence simulation and modeling 47.27.Gs Isotropic turbulence; homogeneous turbulence 47.27.Jv High-Reynolds-number turbulence 47.27.Lx Wall-bounded thin shear flows 47.27.Nz Boundary layer and shear turbulence 47.27.Pa Thick shear flows 47.27.Qb Turbulent diffusion 47.27.Rc Turbulence control 47.27.Sd Noise (turbulence generated) 47.27.Te Convection and heat transfer 47.27.Vf Wakes 47.27.Wg Jets 47.32.-y Rotational flow and vorticity 47.32.Cc Vortex dynamics 47.32.Ff Separated flows 47.35.+i Hydrodynamic waves 47.37.+q Hydrodynamic aspects of superfluidity 47.40.-x Compressible flows; shock and detonation phenomena 47.40.Dc General subsonic flows 47.40.Hg Transonic flows 47.40.Ki Supersonic and hypersonic flows 47.40.Nm Shock wave interactions and shock effects 47.45.-n Rarefied gas dynamics 47.45.Dt Free molecular flows 47.45.Gx Slip flows 47.45.Nd Accommodation 47.50.+d Non-Newtonian fluid flows 47.52.+j Chaos 47.53.+n Fractals 47.54.+r Pattern selection; pattern formation 47.55.-t Nonhomogeneous flows 47.55.Bx Cavitation 47.55.Dz Drops and bubbles 47.55.Hd Stratified flows 47.55.Kf Multiphase and particle-laden flows 47.55.Mh Flows through porous media 47.60.+i Flows in ducts, channels, nozzles, and conduits 47.62.+q Flow control 47.65.+a Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics 47.70.-n Reactive, radiative, or nonequilibrium flows 47.70.Fw Chemically reactive flows 47.70.Mc Radiation gas dynamics 47.70.Nd Nonequilibrium gas dynamics 47.75.+f Relativistic fluid dynamics 47.80.+v Instrumentation for fluid dynamics 47.85.-g Applied fluid mechanics 47.85.Dh Hydrodynamics, hydraulics, hydrostatics 47.85.Gj Aerodynamics 47.85.Kn Hydraulic and pneumatic machinery 47.85.Np Fluidics 47.90.+a Other topics in fluid dynamics (restricted to new topics in section 47) 50. PHYSICS OF GASES, PLASMAS, AND ELECTRIC DISCHARGES 51. Physics of gases 51.10.+y Kinetic and transport theory of gases 51.20.+d Viscosity, diffusion, and thermal conductivity 51.30.+i Thermodynamic properties, equations of state 51.35.+a Mechanical properties; compressibility 51.40.+p Acoustical properties 51.50.+v Electrical properties (ionization, breakdown, electron and ion mobility, etc.) 51.60.+a Magnetic properties 51.70.+f Optical and dielectric properties 51.90.+r Other topics in the physics of gases (restricted to new topics in section 51) 52. Physics of plasmas and electric discharges 52.20.-j Elementary processes in plasmas 52.20.Dq Particle orbits 52.20.Fs Electron collisions 52.20.Hv Atomic, molecular, ion, and heavy-particle collisions 52.25.-b Plasma properties 52.25.Dg Plasma kinetic equations 52.25.Fi Transport properties 52.25.Gj Fluctuation and chaos phenomena 52.25.Jm Ionization of plasmas 52.25.Kn Thermodynamics of plasmas 52.25.Mq Dielectric properties 52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation 52.25.Tx Emission, absorption, and scattering of particles 52.25.Vy Impurities in plasmas 52.25.Xz Magnetized plasmas 52.25.Ya Neutrals in plasmas 52.27.-h Basic studies of specific kinds of plasmas 52.27.Aj Single-component, electron-positive-ion plasmas 52.27.Cm Multicomponent and negative-ion plasmas 52.27.Ep Electron-positron plasmas 52.27.Gr Strongly-coupled plasmas 52.27.Jt Nonneutral plasmas 52.27.Lw Dusty or complex plasmas; plasma crystals 52.27.Ny Relativistic plasmas 52.30.-q Plasma dynamics and flow 52.30.Cv Magnetohydrodynamics (including electron magnetohydrodynamics) 52.30.Ex Two-fluid and multi-fluid plasmas 52.30.Gz Gyrokinetics 52.35.-g Waves, oscillations, and instabilities in plasmas and intense beams 52.35.Bj Magnetohydrodynamic waves (e.g., Alfven waves) 52.35.Dm Sound waves 52.35.Fp Electrostatic waves and oscillations (e.g., ion-acoustic waves) 52.35.Hr Electromagnetic waves (e.g., electron-cyclotron, Whistler, Bernstein, upper hybrid, lower hybrid) 52.35.Kt Drift waves 52.35.Lv Other linear waves 52.35.Mw Nonlinear phenomena: waves, wave propagation, and other interactions (including parametric effects, mode coupling, ponderomotive effects, etc.) 52.35.Py Macroinstabilities (hydromagnetic, e.g., kink, fire-hose, mirror, ballooning, tearing, trapped-particle, flute, Rayleigh-Taylor, etc.) 52.35.Qz Microinstabilities (ion-acoustic, two-stream, loss-cone, beam-plasma, drift, ion- or electron-cyclotron, etc.) 52.35.Ra Plasma turbulence 52.35.Sb Solitons; BGK modes 52.35.Tc Shock waves and discontinuities 52.35.Vd Magnetic reconnection 52.35.We Plasma vorticity 52.38.-r Laser-plasma interactions 52.38.Bv Rayleigh scattering; stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering 52.38.Dx Laser light absorption in plasmas (collisional, parametric, etc.) 52.38.Fz Laser-induced magnetic fields in plasmas 52.38.Hb Self-focussing, channeling, and filamentation in plasmas 52.38.Kd Laser-plasma acceleration of electrons and ions 52.38.Mf Laser ablation 52.38.Ph X-ray, gamma-ray and particle generation 52.40.-w Plasma interactions (nonlaser) 52.40.Db Electromagnetic (nonlaser) radiation interactions with plasma 52.40.Fd Plasma interactions with antennas; plasma-filled waveguides 52.40.Hf Plasma-material interactions; boundary layer effects 52.40.Kh Plasma sheaths 52.40.Mj Particle beam interactions in plasmas 52.50.-b Plasma production and heating 52.50.Dg Plasma sources 52.50.Gj Plasma heating by particle beams 52.50.Jm Plasma production and heating by laser beams (laser-foil, laser-cluster, etc.) 52.50.Lp Plasma production and heating by shock waves and compression 52.50.Nr Plasma heating by DC fields; ohmic heating, arcs 52.50.Qt Plasma heating by radio-frequency fields; ICR, ICP, helicons 52.50.Sw Plasma heating by microwaves; ECR, LH, collisional heating 52.55.-s Magnetic confinement and equilibrium 52.55.Dy General theory and basic studies of plasma lifetime, particle and heat loss, energy balance, field structure, etc. 52.55.Ez Theta pinch 52.55.Fa Tokamaks, spherical tokamaks 52.55.Hc Stellarators, torsatrons, heliacs, bumpy tori, and other toroidal confinement devices 52.55.Ip Spheromaks 52.55.Jd Magnetic mirrors, gas dynamic traps 52.55.Lf Field-reversed configurations, rotamaks, astrons, ion rings, magnetized target fusion, and cusps 52.55.Pi Fusion products effects (e.g., alpha-particles, etc.), fast particle effects 52.55.Rk Power exhaust; divertors 52.55.Tn Ideal and resistive MHD modes; kinetic modes 52.55.Wq Current drive; helicity injection 52.57.-z Laser inertial confinement 52.57.Bc Target design and fabrication 52.57.Fg Implosion symmetry and hydrodynamic instability (Rayleigh-Taylor, Richtmyer-Meshkov, imprint, etc.) 52.57.Kk Fast ignition of compressed fusion fuels 52.58.-c Other confinement methods 52.58.Ei Light-ion inertial confinement 52.58.Hm Heavy-ion inertial confinement 52.58.Lq Z-pinches, plasma focus and other pinch devices 52.58.Qv Electrostatic and high-frequency confinement 52.59.-f Intense particle beams and radiation sources 52.59.Bi Grid- and ion-diode-accelerated beams 52.59.Dk Magneto-plasma accelerated plasmas 52.59.Fn Multistage accelerated heavy-ion beams 52.59.Hq Dense plasma focus 52.59.Mv High-voltage diodes 52.59.Px Hard X-ray sources 52.59.Qy Wire array Z-pinches 52.59.Rz Free-electron devices 52.59.Sa Space-charge-dominated beams 52.59.Tb Moderate-intensity beams 52.59.Wd Emittance-dominated beams 52.59.Ye Plasma devices for generation of coherent radiation 52.65.-y Plasma simulation 52.65.Cc Particle orbit and trajectory 52.65.Ff Fokker-Planck and Vlasov equation 52.65.Kj Magnetohydrodynamic and fluid equation 52.65.Pp Monte Carlo methods 52.65.Rr Particle-in-cell method 52.65.Tt Gyrofluid and gyrokinetic simulations 52.65.Vv Perturbative methods 52.65.Ww Hybrid methods 52.65.Yy Molecular dynamics methods 52.70.-m Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation 52.70.Ds Electric and magnetic measurements 52.70.Gw Radio-frequency and microwave measurements 52.70.Kz Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) measurements 52.70.La X-ray and gamma-ray measurements 52.70.Nc Particle measurements 52.72.+v Laboratory studies of space- and astrophysical-plasma processes 52.75.-d Plasma devices 52.75.Di Ion and plasma propulsion 52.75.Fk Magnetohydrodynamic generators and thermionic convertors; plasma diodes 52.75.Hn Plasma torches 52.75.Kq Plasma switches (e.g., spark gaps) 52.75.Xx Thermionic and filament-based sources (e.g., Q machines, double- and triple-plasma devices, etc.) 52.77.-j Plasma applications 52.77.Bn Etching and cleaning 52.77.Dq Plasma-based ion implantation and deposition 52.77.Fv High-pressure, high-current plasmas (plasma spray, arc welding, etc.) 52.80.-s Electric discharges 52.80.Dy Low-field and Townsend discharges 52.80.Hc Glow; corona 52.80.Mg Arcs; sparks; lightning; atmospheric electricity 52.80.Pi High-frequency and RF discharges 52.80.Qj Explosions; exploding wires 52.80.Sm Magnetoactive discharges (e.g., Penning discharges) 52.80.Tn Other gas discharges 52.80.Vp Discharge in vacuum 52.80.Wq Discharge in liquids and solids 52.80.Yr Discharges for spectral sources (including inductively coupled plasma) 52.90.+z Other topics in physics of plasmas and electric discharges (restricted to new topics in section 52) 60. CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES 61. Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography 61.10.-i X-ray diffraction and scattering 61.10.Dp Theories of diffraction and scattering 61.10.Eq X-ray scattering (including small-angle scattering) 61.10.Ht X-ray absorption spectroscopy: EXAFS, NEXAFS, XANES, etc. 61.10.Kw X-ray reflectometry (surfaces, interfaces, films) 61.10.Nz X-ray diffraction 61.12.-q Neutron diffraction and scattering 61.12.Bt Theories of diffraction and scattering 61.12.Ex Neutron scattering (including small-angle scattering) 61.12.Ha Neutron reflectometry 61.12.Ld Neutron diffraction 61.14.-x Electron diffraction and scattering 61.14.Dc Theories of diffraction and scattering 61.14.Hg Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) 61.14.Lj Convergent-beam electron diffraction, selected-area electron diffraction, nanodiffraction 61.14.Nm Electron holography 61.14.Qp X-ray photoelectron diffraction 61.18.-j Other methods of structure determination 61.18.Bn Atom, molecule, and ion scattering 61.18.Fs Magnetic resonance techniques; Mössbauer spectroscopy 61.20.-p Structure of liquids 61.20.Gy Theory and models of liquid structure 61.20.Ja Computer simulation of liquid structure 61.20.Lc Time-dependent properties; relaxation 61.20.Ne Structure of simple liquids 61.20.Qg Structure of associated liquids: electrolytes, molten salts, etc. 61.25.-f Studies of specific liquid structures 61.25.Bi Liquid noble gases 61.25.Em Molecular liquids 61.25.Hq Macromolecular and polymer solutions; polymer melts; swelling 61.25.Mv Liquid metals and alloys 61.30.-v Liquid crystals 61.30.Cz Molecular and microscopic models and theories of liquid crystal structure 61.30.Dk Continuum models and theories of liquid crystal structure 61.30.Eb Experimental determinations of smectic, nematic, cholesteric, and other structures 61.30.Gd Orientational order of liquid crystals; electric and magnetic field effects on order 61.30.Hn Surface phenomena: alignment, anchoring, anchoring transitions, surface-induced layering, surface-induced ordering, wetting, prewetting transitions, and wetting transitions 61.30.Jf Defects in liquid crystals 61.30.Mp Blue phases and other defect-phases 61.30.Pq Microconfined liquid crystals: droplets, cylinders, randomly confined liquid crystals, polymer dispersed liquid crystals, and porous systems 61.30.St Lyotropic phases 61.30.Vx Polymer liquid crystals 61.41.+e Polymers, elastomers, and plastics 61.43.-j Disordered solids 61.43.Bn Structural modeling: serial-addition models, computer simulation 61.43.Dq Amorphous semiconductors, metals, and alloys 61.43.Er Other amorphous solids 61.43.Fs Glasses 61.43.Gt Powders, porous materials 61.43.Hv Fractals; macroscopic aggregates (including diffusion-limited aggregates) 61.44.-n Semi-periodic solids 61.44.Br Quasicrystals 61.44.Fw Incommensurate crystals 61.46.+w Nanoscale materials: clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanocrystals 61.48.+c Fullerenes and fullerene-related materials 61.50.-f Crystalline state 61.50.Ah Theory of crystal structure, crystal symmetry; calculations and modeling 61.50.Ks Crystallographic aspects of phase transformations; pressure effects 61.50.Lt Crystal binding; cohesive energy 61.50.Nw Crystal stoichiometry 61.66.-f Structure of specific crystalline solids 61.66.Bi Elemental solids 61.66.Dk Alloys 61.66.Fn Inorganic compounds 61.66.Hq Organic compounds 61.68.+n Crystallographic databases 61.72.-y Defects and impurities in crystals; microstructure 61.72.Bb Theories and models of crystal defects 61.72.Cc Kinetics of defect formation and annealing 61.72.Dd Experimental determination of defects by diffraction and scattering 61.72.Ff Direct observation of dislocations and other defects (etch pits, decoration, electron microscopy, x-ray topography, etc.) 61.72.Hh Indirect evidence of dislocations and other defects (resistivity, slip, creep, strains, internal friction, EPR, NMR, etc.) 61.72.Ji Point defects (vacancies, interstitials, color centers, etc.) and defect clusters 61.72.Lk Linear defects: dislocations, disclinations 61.72.Mm Grain and twin boundaries 61.72.Nn Stacking faults and other planar or extended defects 61.72.Qq Microscopic defects (voids, inclusions, etc.) 61.72.Ss Impurity concentration, distribution, and gradients 61.72.Tt Doping and impurity implantation in germanium and silicon 61.72.Vv Doping and impurity implantation in III-V and II-VI semiconductors 61.72.Ww Doping and impurity implantation in other materials 61.72.Yx Interaction between different crystal defects; gettering effect 61.80.-x Physical radiation effects, radiation damage (for photochemical reactions, see 82.50.-m) 61.80.Az Theory and models of radiation effects 61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation) 61.80.Cb X-ray effects 61.80.Ed gamma-ray effects 61.80.Fe Electron and positron radiation effects 61.80.Hg Neutron radiation effects 61.80.Jh Ion radiation effects 61.80.Lj Atom and molecule irradiation effects 61.82.-d Radiation effects on specific materials 61.82.Bg Metals and alloys 61.82.Fk Semiconductors 61.82.Ms Insulators 61.82.Pv Polymers, organic compounds 61.82.Rx Nanocrystalline materials 61.85.+p Channeling phenomena (blocking, energy loss, etc.) 61.90.+d Other topics in structure of solids and liquids; crystallography (restricted to new topics in section 61) 62. Mechanical and acoustical properties of condensed matter 62.10.+s Mechanical properties of liquids 62.20.-x Mechanical properties of solids 62.20.Dc Elasticity, elastic constants 62.20.Fe Deformation and plasticity (including yield, ductility, and superplasticity) 62.20.Hg Creep 62.20.Mk Fatigue, brittleness, fracture, and cracks 62.20.Qp Tribology and hardness 62.25.+g Mechanical properties of nanoscale materials 62.30.+d Mechanical and elastic waves; vibrations 62.40.+i Anelasticity, internal friction, stress relaxation, and mechanical resonances 62.50.+p High-pressure and shock wave effects in solids and liquids 62.60.+v Acoustical properties of liquids 62.65.+k Acoustical properties of solids 62.80.+f Ultrasonic relaxation 62.90.+k Other topics in mechanical and acoustical properties of condensed matter (restricted to new topics in section 62) 63. Lattice dynamics 63.10.+a General theory 63.20.-e Phonons in crystal lattices 63.20.Dj Phonon states and bands, normal modes, and phonon dispersion 63.20.Kr Phonon-electron and phonon-phonon interactions 63.20.Ls Phonon interactions with other quasiparticles 63.20.Mt Phonon-defect interactions 63.20.Pw Localized modes 63.20.Ry Anharmonic lattice modes 63.22.+m Phonons or vibrational states in low-dimensional structures and nanoscale materials 63.50.+x Vibrational states in disordered systems 63.70.+h Statistical mechanics of lattice vibrations and displacive phase transitions 63.90.+t Other topics in lattice dynamics (restricted to new topics in section 63) 64. Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions 64.10.+h General theory of equations of state and phase equilibria 64.30.+t Equations of state of specific substances 64.60.-i General studies of phase transitions 64.60.Ak Renormalization-group, fractal, and percolation studies of phase transitions 64.60.Cn Order-disorder transformations; statistical mechanics of model systems 64.60.Fr Equilibrium properties near critical points, critical exponents 64.60.Ht Dynamic critical phenomena 64.60.Kw Multicritical points 64.60.My Metastable phases 64.60.Qb Nucleation 64.70.-p Specific phase transitions 64.70.Dv Solid-liquid transitions 64.70.Fx Liquid-vapor transitions 64.70.Hz Solid-vapor transitions 64.70.Ja Liquid-liquid transitions 64.70.Kb Solid-solid transitions 64.70.Md Transitions in liquid crystals 64.70.Nd Structural transitions in nanoscale materials 64.70.Pf Glass transitions 64.70.Rh Commensurate-incommensurate transitions 64.75.+g Solubility, segregation, and mixing; phase separation 64.90.+b Other topics in equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions (restricted to new topics in section 64) 65. Thermal properties of condensed matter 65.20.+w Thermal properties of liquids: heat capacity, thermal expansion, etc. 65.40.-b Thermal properties of crystalline solids 65.40.Ba Heat capacity 65.40.De Thermal expansion; thermomechanical effects 65.40.Gr Entropy and other thermodynamical quantities 65.60.+a Thermal properties of amorphous solids and glasses: heat capacity, thermal expansion, etc. 65.80.+n Thermal properties of small particles, nanocrystals, nanotubes 65.90.+i Other topics in thermal properties of condensed matter (restricted to new topics in section 65) 66. Transport properties of condensed matter (nonelectronic) 66.10.-x Diffusion and ionic conduction in liquids 66.10.Cb Diffusion and thermal diffusion 66.10.Ed Ionic conduction 66.20.+d Viscosity of liquids; diffusive momentum transport 66.30.-h Diffusion in solids 66.30.Dn Theory of diffusion and ionic conduction in solids 66.30.Fq Self-diffusion in metals, semimetals, and alloys 66.30.Hs Self-diffusion and ionic conduction in nonmetals 66.30.Jt Diffusion of impurities 66.30.Lw Diffusion of other defects 66.30.Ny Chemical interdiffusion; diffusion barriers 66.30.Pa Diffusion in nanoscale solids 66.30.Qa Electromigration 66.30.Xj Thermal diffusivity 66.35.+a Quantum tunneling of defects 66.60.+a Thermal conduction in nonmetallic liquids 66.70.+f Nonelectronic thermal conduction and heat-pulse propagation in solids; thermal waves 66.90.+r Other topics in nonelectronic transport properties of condensed matter (restricted to new topics in section 66) 67. Quantum fluids and solids; liquid and solid helium 67.20.+k Quantum effects on the structure and dynamics of nondegenerate fluids (e.g., normal phase liquid 4He) 67.40.-w Boson degeneracy and superfluidity of 4He 67.40.Bz Phenomenology and two-fluid models 67.40.Db Quantum statistical theory; ground state, elementary excitations 67.40.Fd Dynamics of relaxation phenomena 67.40.Hf Hydrodynamics in specific geometries, flow in narrow channels 67.40.Jg Ions in liquid 4He 67.40.Kh Thermodynamic properties 67.40.Mj First sound 67.40.Pm Transport processes, second and other sounds, and thermal counterflow; Kapitza resistance 67.40.Rp Films and weak link transport 67.40.Vs Vortices and turbulence 67.40.Yv Impurities and other defects 67.55.-s Normal phase of liquid 3He 67.55.Cx Thermodynamic properties 67.55.Fa Hydrodynamics 67.55.Hc Transport properties 67.55.Ig Ions in normal liquid 3He 67.55.Jd Collective modes 67.55.Lf Impurities 67.57.-z Superfluid phase of liquid 3He 67.57.Bc Thermodynamic properties 67.57.De Superflow and hydrodynamics 67.57.Fg Textures and vortices 67.57.Gh Ions in superfluid 3He 67.57.Hi Transport properties 67.57.Jj Collective modes 67.57.Lm Spin dynamics 67.57.Np Behavior near interfaces 67.57.Pq Impurities 67.60.-g Mixed systems; liquid 3He, 4He mixtures 67.60.Dm HeI-3He 67.60.Fp HeII-3He 67.60.Hr Dilute superfluid 3He in He II 67.60.Js Ions in liquid 3He-4He mixtures 67.65.+z Spin-polarized hydrogen and helium 67.70.+n Films (including physical adsorption) 67.80.-s Solid helium and related quantum crystals 67.80.Cx Structure, lattice dynamics, and sound propagation 67.80.Gb Thermal properties 67.80.Jd Magnetic properties and nuclear magnetic resonance 67.80.Mg Defects, impurities, and diffusion 67.90.+z Other topics in quantum fluids and solids; liquid and solid helium (restricted to new topics in section 67) 68. Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and low-dimensional systems (structure and nonelectronic properties) 68.03.-g Gas-liquid and vacuum-liquid interfaces 68.03.Cd Surface tension and related phenomena 68.03.Fg Evaporation and condensation 68.03.Hj Structure, measurements and simulations 68.03.Kn Dynamics (capillary waves) 68.05.-n Liquid-liquid interfaces 68.05.Cf Structure, measurements and simulations 68.05.Gh Interfacial properties of microemulsions 68.08.-p Liquid-solid interfaces 68.08.Bc Wetting 68.08.De Structure, measurements and simulations 68.15.+e Liquid thin films 68.18.-g Langmuir-Blodgett films on liquids 68.18.Fg Structure: measurements and simulations 68.18.Jk Phase transitions 68.35.-p Solid surfaces and solid-solid interfaces: Structure and energetics 68.35.Af Atomic scale friction 68.35.Bs Structure of clean surfaces (reconstruction) 68.35.Ct Interface structure and roughness 68.35.Dv Composition, segregation; defects and impurities 68.35.Fx Diffusion; interface formation 68.35.Gy Mechanical properties; surface strains 68.35.Iv Acoustical properties 68.35.Ja Surface and interface dynamics and vibrations 68.35.Md Surface thermodynamics, surface energies 68.35.Np Adhesion 68.35.Rh Phase transitions and critical phenomena 68.37.-d Microscopy of surfaces, interfaces, and thin films 68.37.Ef Scanning tunneling microscopy (including chemistry induced with STM) 68.37.Hk Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (including EBIC) 68.37.Lp Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (including STEM, HRTEM, etc.) 68.37.Nq Low energy electron microscopy (LEEM) 68.37.Ps Atomic force microscopy (AFM) 68.37.Rt Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) 68.37.Tj Acoustic force microscopy 68.37.Uv Near-field scanning microscopy and spectroscopy 68.37.Vj Field emission and field-ion microscopy 68.37.Xy Scanning Auger microscopy, photoelectron microscopy 68.37.Yz X-ray microscopy 68.43.-h Chemisorption/physisorption: adsorbates on surfaces 68.43.Bc Ab initio calculations of adsorbate structure and reactions 68.43.De Statistical mechanics of adsorbates 68.43.Fg Adsorbate structure (binding sites, geometry) 68.43.Hn Structure of assemblies of adsorbates (two- and three-dimensional clustering) 68.43.Jk Diffusion of adsorbates, kinetics of coarsening and aggregation 68.43.Mn Adsorption/desorption kinetics 68.43.Pq Adsorbate vibrations 68.43.Rs Electron stimulated desorption 68.43.Tj Photon stimulated desorption 68.43.Vx Thermal desorption 68.47.-b Solid-gas/vacuum interfaces: types of surfaces 68.47.De Metallic surfaces 68.47.Fg Semiconductor surfaces 68.47.Gh Oxide surfaces 68.47.Jn Clusters on oxide surfaces 68.47.Mn Polymer surfaces 68.47.Pe Langmuir-Blodgett films on solids; polymers on surfaces; biological molecules on surfaces 68.49.-h Surface characterization by particle-surface scattering 68.49.Bc Atom scattering from surfaces (diffraction and energy transfer) 68.49.Df Molecule scattering from surfaces (energy transfer, resonances, trapping) 68.49.Fg Cluster scattering from surfaces 68.49.Jk Electron scattering from surfaces 68.49.Sf Ion scattering from surfaces (charge transfer, sputtering, SIMS) 68.49.Uv X-ray standing waves 68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology 68.55.Ac Nucleation and growth: microscopic aspects 68.55.Jk Structure and morphology; thickness; crystalline orientation and texture 68.55.Ln Defects and impurities: doping, implantation, distribution, concentration, etc. 68.55.Nq Composition and phase identification 68.60.-p Physical properties of thin films, nonelectronic 68.60.Bs Mechanical and acoustical properties 68.60.Dv Thermal stability; thermal effects 68.60.Wm Other nonelectronic physical properties 68.65.-k Low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale systems: structure and nonelectronic properties 68.65.Ac Multilayers 68.65.Cd Superlattices 68.65.Fg Quantum wells 68.65.Hb Quantum dots 68.65.La Quantum wires 68.70.+w Whiskers and dendrites (growth, structure, and nonelectronic properties) 68.90.+g Other topics in structure, and nonelectronic properties of surfaces and interfaces; thin films and low-dimensional structures (restricted to new topics in section 68) 70. CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES 71. Electronic structure of bulk materials 71.10.-w Theories and models of many-electron systems 71.10.Ay Fermi-liquid theory and other phenomenological models 71.10.Ca Electron gas, Fermi gas 71.10.Fd Lattice fermion models (Hubbard model, etc.) 71.10.Hf Non-Fermi-liquid ground states, electron phase diagrams and phase transitions in model systems 71.10.Li Excited states and pairing interactions in model systems 71.10.Pm Fermions in reduced dimensions (anyons, composite fermions, Luttinger liquid, etc.) 71.15.-m Methods of electronic structure calculations 71.15.Ap Basis sets (LCAO, plane-wave, APW, etc.) and related methodology (scattering methods, ASA, linearized methods, etc.) 71.15.Dx Computational methodology (Brillouin zone sampling, iterative diagonalization, pseudopotential construction) 71.15.Mb Density functional theory, local density approximation, gradient and other corrections 71.15.Nc Total energy and cohesive energy calculations 71.15.Pd Molecular dynamics calculations (Car-Parrinello) and other numerical simulations 71.15.Qe Excited states: methodology 71.15.Rf Relativistic effects 71.18.+y Fermi surface: calculations and measurements; effective mass, g factor 71.20.-b Electron density of states and band structure of crystalline solids 71.20.Be Transition metals and alloys 71.20.Dg Alkali and alkaline earth metals 71.20.Eh Rare earth metals and alloys 71.20.Gj Other metals and alloys 71.20.Lp Intermetallic compounds 71.20.Mq Elemental semiconductors 71.20.Nr Semiconductor compounds 71.20.Ps Other inorganic compounds 71.20.Rv Polymers and organic compounds 71.20.Tx Fullerenes and related materials; intercalation compounds 71.22.+i Electronic structure of liquid metals and semiconductors and their alloys 71.23.-k Electronic structure of disordered solids 71.23.An Theories and models; localized states 71.23.Cq Amorphous semiconductors, metallic glasses, glasses 71.23.Ft Quasicrystals 71.27.+a Strongly correlated electron systems; heavy fermions 71.28.+d Narrow-band systems; intermediate-valence solids 71.30.+h Metal-insulator transitions and other electronic transitions 71.35.-y Excitons and related phenomena 71.35.Aa Frenkel excitons and self-trapped excitons 71.35.Cc Intrinsic properties of excitons; optical absorption spectra 71.35.Ee Electron-hole drops and electron-hole plasma 71.35.Gg Exciton-mediated interactions 71.35.Ji Excitons in magnetic fields; magnetoexcitons 71.35.Lk Collective effects (Bose effects, phase space filling, and excitonic phase transitions) 71.35.Pq Charged excitons (trions) 71.36.+c Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions) 71.38.-k Polarons and electron-phonon interactions 71.38.Cn Mass renormalization in metals 71.38.Fp Large or Fröhlich polarons 71.38.Ht Self-trapped or small polarons 71.38.Mx Bipolarons 71.45.-d Collective effects 71.45.Gm Exchange, correlation, dielectric and magnetic response functions, plasmons 71.45.Lr Charge-density-wave systems 71.55.-i Impurity and defect levels 71.55.Ak Metals, semimetals, and alloys 71.55.Cn Elemental semiconductors 71.55.Eq III-V semiconductors 71.55.Gs II-VI semiconductors 71.55.Ht Other nonmetals 71.55.Jv Disordered structures; amorphous and glassy solids 71.60.+z Positron states 71.70.-d Level splitting and interactions 71.70.Ch Crystal and ligand fields 71.70.Di Landau levels 71.70.Ej Spin-orbit coupling, Zeeman and Stark splitting, Jahn-Teller effect 71.70.Fk Strain-induced splitting 71.70.Gm Exchange interactions 71.70.Jp Nuclear states and interactions 71.90.+q Other topics in electronic structure (restricted to new topics in section 71) 72. Electronic transport in condensed matter 72.10.-d Theory of electronic transport; scattering mechanisms 72.10.Bg General formulation of transport theory 72.10.Di Scattering by phonons, magnons, and other nonlocalized excitations 72.10.Fk Scattering by point defects, dislocations, surfaces, and other imperfections (including Kondo effect) 72.15.-v Electronic conduction in metals and alloys 72.15.Cz Electrical and thermal conduction in amorphous and liquid metals and alloys 72.15.Eb Electrical and thermal conduction in crystalline metals and alloys 72.15.Gd Galvanomagnetic and other magnetotransport effects 72.15.Jf Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects 72.15.Lh Relaxation times and mean free paths 72.15.Nj Collective modes (e.g., in one-dimensional conductors) 72.15.Qm Scattering mechanisms and Kondo effect 72.15.Rn Localization effects (Anderson or weak localization) 72.20.-i Conductivity phenomena in semiconductors and insulators 72.20.Dp General theory, scattering mechanisms 72.20.Ee Mobility edges; hopping transport 72.20.Fr Low-field transport and mobility; piezoresistance 72.20.Ht High-field and nonlinear effects 72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping 72.20.My Galvanomagnetic and other magnetotransport effects 72.20.Pa Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects 72.25.-b Spin polarized transport 72.25.Ba Spin polarized transport in metals 72.25.Dc Spin polarized transport in semiconductors 72.25.Fe Optical creation of spin polarized carriers 72.25.Hg Electrical injection of spin polarized carriers 72.25.Mk Spin transport through interfaces 72.25.Pn Current-driven spin pumping 72.25.Rb Spin relaxation and scattering 72.30.+q High-frequency effects; plasma effects 72.40.+w Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects 72.50.+b Acoustoelectric effects 72.55.+s Magnetoacoustic effects 72.60.+g Mixed conductivity and conductivity transitions 72.70.+m Noise processes and phenomena 72.80.-r Conductivity of specific materials 72.80.Cw Elemental semiconductors 72.80.Ey III-V and II-VI semiconductors 72.80.Ga Transition-metal compounds 72.80.Jc Other crystalline inorganic semiconductors 72.80.Le Polymers; organic compounds (including organic semiconductors) 72.80.Ng Disordered solids 72.80.Ph Liquid semiconductors 72.80.Rj Fullerenes and related materials 72.80.Sk Insulators 72.80.Tm Composite materials 72.90.+y Other topics in electronic transport in condensed matter (restricted to new topics in section 72) 73. Electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, thin films, and low-dimensional structures 73.20.-r Electron states at surfaces and interfaces 73.20.At Surface states, band structure, electron density of states 73.20.Fz Weak or Anderson localization 73.20.Hb Impurity and defect levels; energy states of adsorbed species 73.20.Jc Delocalization processes 73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations) 73.20.Qt Electron solids 73.21.-b Electron states and collective excitations in multilayers, quantum wells, mesoscopic, and nanoscale systems 73.21.Ac Multilayers 73.21.Cd Superlattices 73.21.Fg Quantum wells 73.21.Hb Quantum wires 73.21.La Quantum dots 73.22.-f Electronic structure of nanoscale materials: clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanocrystals 73.22.Dj Single particle states 73.22.Gk Broken symmetry phases 73.22.Lp Collective excitations 73.23.-b Electronic transport in mesoscopic systems 73.23.Ad Ballistic transport 73.23.Hk Coulomb blockade; single-electron tunneling 73.23.Ra Persistent currents 73.25.+i Surface conductivity and carrier phenomena 73.30.+y Surface double layers, Schottky barriers, and work functions 73.40.-c Electronic transport in interface structures 73.40.Cg Contact resistance, contact potential 73.40.Ei Rectification 73.40.Gk Tunneling 73.40.Jn Metal-to-metal contacts 73.40.Kp III-V semiconductor-to-semiconductor contacts, p-n junctions, and heterojunctions 73.40.Lq Other semiconductor-to-semiconductor contacts, p-n junctions, and heterojunctions 73.40.Mr Semiconductor-electrolyte contacts 73.40.Ns Metal-nonmetal contacts 73.40.Qv Metal-insulator-semiconductor structures (including semiconductor-to-insulator) 73.40.Rw Metal-insulator-metal structures 73.40.Sx Metal-semiconductor-metal structures 73.40.Ty Semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor structures 73.40.Vz Semiconductor-metal-semiconductor structures 73.43.-f Quantum Hall effects 73.43.Cd Theory and modeling 73.43.Fj Novel experimental methods; measurements 73.43.Jn Tunneling 73.43.Lp Collective excitations 73.43.Nq Quantum phase transitions 73.43.Qt Magnetoresistance 73.50.-h Electronic transport phenomena in thin films 73.50.Bk General theory, scattering mechanisms 73.50.Dn Low-field transport and mobility; piezoresistance 73.50.Fq High-field and nonlinear effects 73.50.Gr Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, trapping, mean free paths 73.50.Jt Galvanomagnetic and other magnetotransport effects (including thermomagnetic effects) 73.50.Lw Thermoelectric effects 73.50.Mx High-frequency effects; plasma effects 73.50.Pz Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects 73.50.Rb Acoustoelectric and magnetoacoustic effects 73.50.Td Noise processes and phenomena 73.61.-r Electrical properties of specific thin films 73.61.At Metal and metallic alloys 73.61.Cw Elemental semiconductors 73.61.Ey III-V semiconductors 73.61.Ga II-VI semiconductors 73.61.Jc Amorphous semiconductors; glasses 73.61.Le Other inorganic semiconductors 73.61.Ng Insulators 73.61.Ph Polymers; organic compounds 73.61.Wp Fullerenes and related materials 73.63.-b Electronic transport in nanoscale materials and structures 73.63.Bd Nanocrystalline materials 73.63.Fg Nanotubes 73.63.Hs Quantum wells 73.63.Kv Quantum dots 73.63.Nm Quantum wires 73.63.Rt Nanoscale contacts 73.90.+f Other topics in electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, thin films, and low-dimensional structures (Restricted to new topics in section 73) 74. Superconductivity 74.10.+v Occurrence, potential candidates 74.20.-z Theories and models of superconducting state 74.20.De Phenomenological theories (two-fluid, Ginzburg-Landau, etc.) 74.20.Fg BCS theory and its development 74.20.Mn Nonconventional mechanisms (spin fluctuations, polarons and bipolarons, resonating valence bond model, anyon mechanism, marginal Fermi liquid, Luttinger liquid, etc.) 74.20.Rp Pairing symmetries (other than s-wave) 74.25.-q Properties of type I and type II superconductors 74.25.Bt Thermodynamic properties 74.25.Dw Superconductivity phase diagrams 74.25.Fy Transport properties (electric and thermal conductivity, thermoelectric effects, etc.) 74.25.Gz Optical properties 74.25.Ha Magnetic properties 74.25.Jb Electronic structure 74.25.Kc Phonons 74.25.Ld Mechanical and acoustical properties, elasticity, and ultrasonic attenuation 74.25.Nf Response to electromagnetic fields (nuclear magnetic resonance, surface impedance, etc.) 74.25.Op Mixed states, critical fields, and surface sheaths 74.25.Qt Vortex lattices, flux pinning, flux creep 74.25.Sv Critical currents 74.40.+k Fluctuations (noise, chaos, nonequilibrium superconductivity, localization, etc.) 74.45.+c Proximity effects; Andreev effect; SN and SNS junctions 74.50.+r Tunneling phenomena; point contacts, weak links, Josephson effects 74.62.-c Transition temperature variations 74.62.Bf Effects of material synthesis, crystal structure, and chemical composition 74.62.Dh Effects of crystal defects, doping and substitution 74.62.Fj Pressure effects 74.62.Yb Other effects 74.70.-b Superconducting materials 74.70.Ad Metals; alloys and binary compounds (including A15, MgB2, etc.) 74.70.Dd Ternary, quaternary and multinary compounds (including Chevrel phases, borocarbides, etc.) 74.70.Kn Organic superconductors 74.70.Pq Ruthenates 74.70.Tx Heavy-fermion superconductors 74.70.Wz Fullerenes and related materials 74.72.-h Cuprate superconductors (high-Tc and insulating parent compounds) 74.72.Bk Y-based cuprates 74.72.Dn La-based cuprates 74.72.Hs Bi-based cuprates 74.72.Jt Other cuprates, including Tl and Hg-based cuprates 74.78.-w Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures 74.78.Bz High-Tc films 74.78.Db Low-Tc films 74.78.Fk Multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures 74.78.Na Mesoscopic and nanoscale systems 74.81.-g Inhomogeneous superconductors and superconducting systems 74.81.Bd Granular, melt-textured, amorphous and composite superconductors 74.81.Fa Josephson junction arrays and wire networks 74.90.+n Other topics in superconductivity (restricted to new topics in section 74) 75. Magnetic properties and materials 75.10.-b General theory and models of magnetic ordering 75.10.Dg Crystal-field theory and spin Hamiltonians 75.10.Hk Classical spin models 75.10.Jm Quantized spin models 75.10.Lp Band and itinerant models 75.10.Nr Spin-glass and other random models 75.10.Pq Spin chain models 75.20.-g Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and superparamagnetism 75.20.Ck Nonmetals 75.20.En Metals and alloys 75.20.Hr Local moment in compounds and alloys; Kondo effect, valence fluctuations, heavy fermions 75.25.+z Spin arrangements in magnetically ordered materials (including neutron and spin-polarized electron studies, synchrotron-source x-ray scattering, etc.) 75.30.-m Intrinsic properties of magnetically ordered materials 75.30.Cr Saturation moments and magnetic susceptibilities 75.30.Ds Spin waves 75.30.Et Exchange and superexchange interactions 75.30.Fv Spin-density waves 75.30.Gw Magnetic anisotropy 75.30.Hx Magnetic impurity interactions 75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.) 75.30.Mb Valence fluctuation, Kondo lattice, and heavy-fermion phenomena 75.30.Sg Magnetocaloric effect, magnetic cooling 75.30.Wx Spin crossover 75.40.-s Critical-point effects, specific heats, short-range order 75.40.Cx Static properties (order parameter, static susceptibility, heat capacities, critical exponents, etc.) 75.40.Gb Dynamic properties (dynamic susceptibility, spin waves, spin diffusion, dynamic scaling, etc.) 75.40.Mg Numerical simulation studies 75.45.+j Macroscopic quantum phenomena in magnetic systems 75.47.-m Magnetotransport phenomena; materials for magnetotransport 75.47.De Giant magnetoresistance 75.47.Gk Colossal magnetoresistance 75.47.Jn Ballistic magnetoresistance 75.47.Lx Manganites 75.47.Np Metals and alloys 75.47.Pq Other materials 75.50.-y Studies of specific magnetic materials 75.50.Bb Fe and its alloys 75.50.Cc Other ferromagnetic metals and alloys 75.50.Dd Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials 75.50.Ee Antiferromagnetics 75.50.Gg Ferrimagnetics 75.50.Kj Amorphous and quasicrystalline magnetic materials 75.50.Lk Spin glasses and other random magnets 75.50.Mm Magnetic liquids 75.50.Pp Magnetic semiconductors 75.50.Ss Magnetic recording materials 75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials 75.50.Vv High coercivity materials 75.50.Ww Permanent magnets 75.50.Xx Molecular magnets 75.60.-d Domain effects, magnetization curves, and hysteresis 75.60.Ch Domain walls and domain structure 75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects 75.60.Jk Magnetization reversal mechanisms 75.60.Lr Magnetic aftereffects 75.60.Nt Magnetic annealing and temperature-hysteresis effects 75.70.-i Magnetic properties of thin films, surfaces, and interfaces 75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films 75.70.Cn Magnetic properties of interfaces (multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures) 75.70.Kw Domain structure (including magnetic bubbles) 75.70.Rf Surface magnetism 75.75.+a Magnetic properties of nanostructures 75.80.+q Magnetomechanical and magnetoelectric effects, magnetostriction 75.90.+w Other topics in magnetic properties and materials (restricted to new topics in section 75) 76. Magnetic resonances and relaxations in condensed matter, Mössbauer effect 76.20.+q General theory of resonances and relaxations 76.30.-v Electron paramagnetic resonance and relaxation 76.30.Da Ions and impurities: general 76.30.Fc Iron group (3d) ions and impurities (Ti-Cu) 76.30.He Platinum and palladium group (4d and 5d) ions and impurities (Zr-Ag and Hf-Au) 76.30.Kg Rare-earth ions and impurities 76.30.Lh Other ions and impurities 76.30.Mi Color centers and other defects 76.30.Pk Conduction electrons 76.30.Rn Free radicals 76.40.+b Diamagnetic and cyclotron resonances 76.50.+g Ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic resonances; spin-wave resonance 76.60.-k Nuclear magnetic resonance and relaxation 76.60.Cq Chemical and Knight shifts 76.60.Es Relaxation effects 76.60.Gv Quadrupole resonance 76.60.Jx Effects of internal magnetic fields 76.60.Lz Spin echoes 76.60.Pc NMR imaging 76.70.-r Magnetic double resonances and cross effects 76.70.Dx Electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), electron double resonance (ELDOR) 76.70.Fz Double nuclear magnetic resonance (DNMR), dynamical nuclear polarization 76.70.Hb Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) 76.75.+i Muon spin rotation and relaxation 76.80.+y Mössbauer effect; other gamma-ray spectroscopy 76.90.+d Other topics in magnetic resonances and relaxations (restricted to new topics in section 76) 77. Dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics and their properties 77.22.-d Dielectric properties of solids and liquids 77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function) 77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization 77.22.Gm Dielectric loss and relaxation 77.22.Jp Dielectric breakdown and space-charge effects 77.55.+f Dielectric thin films 77.65.-j Piezoelectricity and electromechanical effects 77.65.Bn Piezoelectric and electrostrictive constants 77.65.Dq Acoustoelectric effects and surface acoustic waves (SAW) in piezoelectrics 77.65.Fs Electromechanical resonance; quartz resonators 77.65.Ly Strain-induced piezoelectric fields 77.70.+a Pyroelectric and electrocaloric effects 77.80.-e Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity 77.80.Bh Phase transitions and Curie point 77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis 77.80.Fm Switching phenomena 77.84.-s Dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and antiferroelectric materials 77.84.Bw Elements, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, chalcogenides, etc. 77.84.Dy Niobates, titanates, tantalates, PZT ceramics, etc. 77.84.Fa KDP- and TGS-type crystals 77.84.Jd Polymers; organic compounds 77.84.Lf Composite materials 77.84.Nh Liquids, emulsions, and suspensions; liquid crystals 77.90.+k Other topics in dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics and their properties (restricted to new topics in section 77) 78. Optical properties, condensed-matter spectroscopy and other interactions of radiation and particles with condensed matter 78.20.-e Optical properties of bulk materials and thin films 78.20.Bh Theory, models, and numerical simulation 78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity) 78.20.Ek Optical activity 78.20.Fm Birefringence 78.20.Hp Piezo-, elasto-, and acoustooptical effects; photoacoustic effects 78.20.Jq Electrooptical effects 78.20.Ls Magnetooptical effects 78.20.Nv Thermooptical and photothermal effects 78.30.-j Infrared and Raman spectra 78.30.Am Elemental semiconductors and insulators 78.30.Cp Liquids 78.30.Er Solid metals and alloys 78.30.Fs III-V and II-VI semiconductors 78.30.Hv Other nonmetallic inorganics 78.30.Jw Organic compounds, polymers 78.30.Ly Disordered solids 78.30.Na Fullerenes and related materials 78.35.+c Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering; other light scattering 78.40.-q Absorption and reflection spectra: visible and ultraviolet 78.40.Dw Liquids 78.40.Fy Semiconductors 78.40.Ha Other nonmetallic inorganics 78.40.Kc Metals, semimetals, and alloys 78.40.Me Organic compounds and polymers 78.40.Pg Disordered solids 78.40.Ri Fullerenes and related materials 78.45.+h Stimulated emission 78.47.+p Time-resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter 78.55.-m Photoluminescence, properties and materials 78.55.Ap Elemental semiconductors 78.55.Bq Liquids 78.55.Cr III-V semiconductors 78.55.Et II-VI semiconductors 78.55.Fv Solid alkali halides 78.55.Hx Other solid inorganic materials 78.55.Kz Solid organic materials 78.55.Mb Porous materials 78.55.Qr Amorphous materials; glasses and other disordered solids 78.60.-b Other luminescence and radiative recombination 78.60.Fi Electroluminescence 78.60.Hk Cathodoluminescence, ionoluminescence 78.60.Kn Thermoluminescence 78.60.Mq Sonoluminescence, triboluminescence 78.60.Ps Chemiluminescence 78.66.-w Optical properties of specific thin films 78.66.Bz Metals and metallic alloys 78.66.Db Elemental semiconductors and insulators 78.66.Fd III-V semiconductors 78.66.Hf II-VI semiconductors 78.66.Jg Amorphous semiconductors; glasses 78.66.Li Other semiconductors 78.66.Nk Insulators 78.66.Qn Polymers; organic compounds 78.66.Sq Composite materials 78.66.Tr Fullerenes and related materials 78.66.Vs Fine-particle systems 78.67.-n Optical properties of low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale materials and structures 78.67.Bf Nanocrystals and nanoparticles 78.67.Ch Nanotubes 78.67.De Quantum wells 78.67.Hc Quantum dots 78.67.Lt Quantum wires 78.67.Pt Multilayers; superlattices 78.68.+m Optical properties of surfaces 78.70.-g Interactions of particles and radiation with matter 78.70.Bj Positron annihilation 78.70.Ck X-ray scattering 78.70.Dm X-ray absorption spectra 78.70.En X-ray emission spectra and fluorescence 78.70.Gq Microwave and radio-frequency interactions 78.70.Nx Neutron inelastic scattering 78.90.+t Other topics in optical properties, condensed matter spectroscopy and other interactions of particles and radiation with condensed matter (restricted to new topics in section 78) 79. Electron and ion emission by liquids and solids; impact phenomena 79.20.-m Impact phenomena (including electron spectra and sputtering) 79.20.Ap Theory of impact phenomena; numerical simulation 79.20.Ds Laser-beam impact phenomena 79.20.Fv Electron impact: Auger emission 79.20.Hx Electron impact: secondary emission 79.20.Kz Other electron-impact emission phenomena 79.20.La Photon- and electron-stimulated desorption 79.20.Mb Positron emission 79.20.Rf Atomic, molecular, and ion beam impact and interactions with surfaces 79.20.Uv Electron energy loss spectroscopy 79.40.+z Thermionic emission 79.60.-i Photoemission and photoelectron spectra 79.60.Bm Clean metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces 79.60.Dp Adsorbed layers and thin films 79.60.Fr Polymers; organic compounds 79.60.Ht Disordered structures 79.60.Jv Interfaces; heterostructures; nanostructures 79.70.+q Field emission, ionization, evaporation, and desorption 79.75.+g Exoelectron emission 79.90.+b Other topics in electron and ion emission by liquids and solids and impact phenomena (restricted to new topics in section 79) 80. INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 81. Materials science 81.05.-t Specific materials: fabrication, treatment, testing and analysis 81.05.Bx Metals, semimetals, and alloys 81.05.Cy Elemental semiconductors 81.05.Dz II-VI semiconductors 81.05.Ea III-V semiconductors 81.05.Gc Amorphous semiconductors 81.05.Hd Other semiconductors 81.05.Je Ceramics and refractories (including borides, carbides, hydrides, nitrides, oxides, and silicides) 81.05.Kf Glasses (including metallic glasses) 81.05.Lg Polymers and plastics; rubber; synthetic and natural fibers; organometallic and organic materials 81.05.Mh Cermets, ceramic and refractory composites 81.05.Ni Dispersion-, fiber-, and platelet-reinforced metal-based composites 81.05.Pj Glass-based composites, vitroceramics 81.05.Qk Reinforced polymers and polymer-based composites 81.05.Rm Porous materials; granular materials 81.05.Tp Fullerenes and related materials 81.05.Uw Carbon, diamond, graphite 81.05.Zx New materials: theory, design, and fabrication 81.07.-b Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization 81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials 81.07.De Nanotubes 81.07.Lk Nanocontacts 81.07.Nb Molecular nanostructures 81.07.Pr Organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructures 81.07.St Quantum wells 81.07.Ta Quantum dots 81.07.Vb Quantum wires 81.07.Wx Nanopowders 81.10.-h Methods of crystal growth; physics of crystal growth 81.10.Aj Theory and models of crystal growth; physics of crystal growth, crystal morphology and orientation 81.10.Bk Growth from vapor 81.10.Dn Growth from solutions 81.10.Fq Growth from melts; zone melting and refining 81.10.Jt Growth from solid phases (including multiphase diffusion and recrystallization) 81.10.Mx Growth in microgravity environments 81.15.-z Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy 81.15.Aa Theory and models of film growth 81.15.Cd Deposition by sputtering 81.15.Ef Vacuum deposition 81.15.Fg Laser deposition 81.15.Gh Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, etc.) 81.15.Hi Molecular, atomic, ion, and chemical beam epitaxy 81.15.Jj Ion and electron beam-assisted deposition; ion plating 81.15.Kk Vapor phase epitaxy; growth from vapor phase 81.15.Lm Liquid phase epitaxy; deposition from liquid phases (melts, solutions, and surface layers on liquids) 81.15.Np Solid phase epitaxy; growth from solid phases 81.15.Pq Electrodeposition, electroplating 81.15.Rs Spray coating techniques 81.16.-c Methods of nanofabrication and processing 81.16.Be Chemical synthesis methods 81.16.Dn Self-assembly 81.16.Fg Supramolecular and biochemical assembly 81.16.Hc Catalytic methods 81.16.Mk Laser-assisted deposition 81.16.Nd Nanolithography 81.16.Pr Nanooxidation 81.16.Rf Nanoscale pattern formation 81.16.Ta Atom manipulation 81.20.-n Methods of materials synthesis and materials processing 81.20.Ev Powder processing: powder metallurgy, compaction, sintering, mechanical alloying, and granulation 81.20.Fw Sol-gel processing, precipitation 81.20.Hy Forming; molding, extrusion etc. 81.20.Ka Chemical synthesis; combustion synthesis 81.20.Rg Aerosols in materials synthesis and processing 81.20.Vj Joining; welding 81.20.Wk Machining, milling 81.20.Ym Purification 81.30.-t Phase diagrams and microstructures developed by solidification and solid-solid phase transformations 81.30.Bx Phase diagrams of metals and alloys 81.30.Dz Phase diagrams of other materials 81.30.Fb Solidification 81.30.Hd Constant-composition solid-solid phase transformations: polymorphic, massive, and order-disorder 81.30.Kf Martensitic transformations 81.30.Mh Solid-phase precipitation 81.40.-z Treatment of materials and its effects on microstructure and properties 81.40.Cd Solid solution hardening, precipitation hardening, and dispersion hardening; aging 81.40.Ef Cold working, work hardening; annealing, post-deformation annealing, quenching, tempering recovery, and crystallization 81.40.Gh Other heat and thermomechanical treatments 81.40.Jj Elasticity and anelasticity, stress-strain relations 81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep 81.40.Np Fatigue, corrosion fatigue, embrittlement, cracking, fracture and failure 81.40.Pq Friction, lubrication, and wear 81.40.Rs Electrical and magnetic properties (related to treatment conditions) 81.40.Tv Optical and dielectric properties (related to treatment conditions) 81.40.Vw Pressure treatment 81.40.Wx Radiation treatment (particle and electromagnetic) 81.65.-b Surface treatments 81.65.Cf Surface cleaning, etching, patterning 81.65.Kn Corrosion protection 81.65.Lp Surface hardening: nitridation, carburization, carbonitridation 81.65.Mq Oxidation 81.65.Ps Polishing, grinding, surface finishing 81.65.Rv Passivation 81.65.Tx Gettering 81.70.-q Methods of materials testing and analysis 81.70.Bt Mechanical testing, impact tests, static and dynamic loads 81.70.Cv Nondestructive testing: ultrasonic testing, photoacoustic testing 81.70.Ex Nondestructive testing: electromagnetic testing, eddy-current testing 81.70.Fy Nondestructive testing: optical methods 81.70.Ha Testing in microgravity environments 81.70.Jb Chemical composition analysis, chemical depth and dopant profiling 81.70.Pg Thermal analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential thermogravimetric analysis 81.70.Tx Computed tomography 81.90.+c Other topics in materials science (restricted to new topics in section 81) 82. Physical chemistry and chemical physics 82.20.-w Chemical kinetics and dynamics 82.20.Bc State selected dynamics and product distribution 82.20.Db Transition state theory and statistical theories of rate constants 82.20.Ej Quantum theory of reaction cross section 82.20.Fd Collision theories; trajectory models 82.20.Gk Electronically non-adiabatic reactions 82.20.Hf Product distribution 82.20.Kh Potential energy surfaces for chemical reactions 82.20.Ln Semiclassical theory of reactions and/or energy transfer 82.20.Nk Classical theories of reactions and/or energy transfer 82.20.Pm Rate constants, reaction cross sections, and activation energies 82.20.Rp State to state energy transfer 82.20.Sb Correlation function theory of rate constants and its applications 82.20.Tr Kinetic isotope effects including muonium 82.20.Uv Stochastic theories of rate constants 82.20.Wt Computational modeling; simulation 82.20.Xr Quantum effects in rate constants (tunneling, resonances, etc.) 82.20.Yn Solvent effects on reactivity 82.30.-b Specific chemical reactions; reaction mechanisms 82.30.Cf Atom and radical reactions; chain reactions; molecule-molecule reactions 82.30.Fi Ion-molecule, ion-ion, and charge-transfer reactions 82.30.Gg Positronium chemistry 82.30.Hk Chemical exchanges (substitution, atom transfer, abstraction, disproportionation, and group exchange) 82.30.Lp Decomposition reactions (pyrolysis, dissociation, and fragmentation) 82.30.Nr Association, addition, insertion, cluster formation 82.30.Qt Isomerization and rearrangement 82.30.Rs Hydrogen bonding, hydrophilic effects 82.30.Vy Homogeneous catalysis in solution, polymers and zeolites 82.33.-z Reactions in various media 82.33.De Reactions in supercritical fluids 82.33.Fg Reactions in clusters 82.33.Hk Reactions on clusters 82.33.Jx Reactions in zeolites 82.33.Ln Reactions in sol gels, aerogels, porous media 82.33.Nq Reactions in micells 82.33.Pt Solid state chemistry 82.33.Tb Atmospheric chemistry 82.33.Vx Reactions in flames, combustion, and explosions 82.33.Xj Plasma reactions (including flowing afterglow and electric discharges) 82.33.Ya Chemistry of MOCVD and other vapor deposition methods 82.35.-x Polymers: properties; reactions; polymerization 82.35.Cd Conducting polymers 82.35.Ej Nonlinear optics with polymers 82.35.Gh Polymers on surfaces; adhesion 82.35.Jk Copolymers, phase transitions, structure 82.35.Lr Physical properties of polymers 82.35.Np Nanoparticles in polymers 82.35.Pq Biopolymers, biopolymerization 82.35.Rs Polyelectrolytes 82.37.-j Single molecule kinetics 82.37.Gk STM and AFM manipulations of a single molecule 82.37.Np Single molecule reaction kinetics, dissociation, etc. 82.37.Rs Single molecule manipulation of proteins and other biological molecules 82.37.Vb Single molecule photochemistry 82.39.-k Chemical kinetics in biological systems 82.39.Fk Enzyme kinetics 82.39.Jn Charge (electron, proton) transfer in biological systems 82.39.Pj Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA bases 82.39.Rt Reactions in complex biological systems 82.39.Wj Ion exchange, dialysis, osmosis, electro-osmosis, membrane processes 82.40.-g Chemical kinetics and reactions: special regimes and techniques 82.40.Bj Oscillations, chaos, and bifurcations 82.40.Ck Pattern formation in reactions with diffusion, flow and heat transfer 82.40.Fp Shock wave initiated reactions, high-pressure chemistry 82.40.Np Temporal and spatial patterns in surface reactions 82.40.Qt Complex chemical systems 82.45.-h Electrochemistry and electrophoresis 82.45.Aa Electrochemical synthesis 82.45.Bb Corrosion and passivation 82.45.Cc Anodic films 82.45.Fk Electrodes 82.45.Gj Electrolytes 82.45.Hk Electrolysis 82.45.Jn Surface structure, reactivity and catalysis 82.45.Mp Thin layers, films, monolayers, membranes 82.45.Qr Electrodeposition and electrodissolution 82.45.Rr Electroanalytical chemistry 82.45.Tv Bioelectrochemistry 82.45.Un Dielectric materials in electrochemistry 82.45.Vp Semiconductor materials in electrochemistry 82.45.Wx Polymers and organic materials in electrochemistry 82.45.Xy Ceramics in electrochemistry 82.45.Yz Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry 82.47.-a Applied electrochemistry 82.47.Aa Lithium-ion batteries 82.47.Cb Lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride and other batteries 82.47.Ed Solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC) 82.47.Gh Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells 82.47.Jk Photoelectrochemical cells, photoelectrochromic and other hybrid electrochemical energy storage devices 82.47.Lh Molten-carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) 82.47.Nj Polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) 82.47.Pm Phosphoric-acid fuel cells (PAFC); other fuel cells 82.47.Rs Electrochemical sensors 82.47.Tp Electrochemical displays 82.47.Uv Electrochemical capacitors; supercapacitors 82.47.Wx Electrochemical engineering 82.50.-m Photochemistry 82.50.Bc Processes caused by infrared radiation 82.50.Hp Processes caused by visible and UV light 82.50.Kx Processes caused by X-rays or gamma-rays 82.50.Nd Control of photochemical reactions 82.50.Pt Multiphoton processes 82.53.-k Femtochemistry 82.53.Eb Pump probe studies of photodissociation 82.53.Hn Pump probe experiments with bound states 82.53.Kp Coherent spectroscopy of atoms and molecules 82.53.Mj Femtosecond probing of semiconductor nanostructures 82.53.Ps Femtosecond probing of biological molecules 82.53.St Femtochemistry of adsorbed molecules 82.53.Uv Femtosecond probes of molecules in liquids 82.53.Xa Femtosecond probes of molecules in solids and of molecular solids 82.56.-b Nuclear magnetic resonance 82.56.Dj High resolution NMR 82.56.Fk Multidemensional NMR 82.56.Hg Multinuclear NMR 82.56.Jn Pulse sequences in NMR 82.56.Lz Diffusion 82.56.Na Relaxation 82.56.Pp NMR of biomolecules 82.56.Ub Structure determination with NMR 82.60.-s Chemical thermodynamics 82.60.Cx Enthalpies of combustion, reaction, and formation 82.60.Fa Heat capacities and heats of phase transitions 82.60.Hc Chemical equilibria and equilibrium constants 82.60.Lf Thermodynamics of solutions 82.60.Nh Thermodynamics of nucleation 82.60.Qr Thermodynamics of nanoparticles 82.65.+r Surface and interface chemistry; heterogeneous catalysis at surfaces 82.70.-y Disperse systems; complex fluids 82.70.Dd Colloids 82.70.Gg Gels and sols 82.70.Kj Emulsions and suspensions 82.70.Rr Aerosols and foams 82.70.Uv Surfactants, micellar solutions, vesicles, lamellae, amphiphilic systems, (hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions) 82.75.-z Molecular sieves, zeolites, clathrates, and other complex solids 82.75.Fq Synthesis, structure determination, structure modeling 82.75.Jn Measurements and modeling of molecule migration in zeolites 82.75.Mj Measurements and simulation of properties (optical, structural) of molecules in zeolites 82.75.Qt Mechanism and kinetics of catalysis in zeolites (measurements or simulations) 82.75.Vx Clusters in zeolites 82.80.-d Chemical analysis and related physical methods of analysis 82.80.Bg Chromatography 82.80.Dx Analytical methods involving electronic spectroscopy 82.80.Ej X-ray, Mössbauer, and other gamma-ray spectroscopic analysis methods 82.80.Fk Electrochemical methods 82.80.Gk Analytical methods involving vibrational spectroscopy 82.80.Ha Analytical methods involving rotational spectroscopy 82.80.Jp Activation analysis and other radiochemical methods 82.80.Kq Energy-conversion spectro-analytical methods (e.g., photoacoustic, photothermal, and optogalvanic spectroscopic methods) 82.80.Ms Mass spectrometry (including SIMS, multiphoton ionization and resonance ionization mass spectrometry, MALDI) 82.80.Nj Fourier transform mass spectrometry 82.80.Pv Electron spectroscopy (x-ray photoelectron (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), etc.) 82.80.Qx Ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry 82.80.Rt Time of flight mass spectrometry 82.80.Yc Rutherford backscattering (RBS), and other methods of chemical analysis 82.90.+j Other topics in physical chemistry and chemical physics (restricted to new topics in section 82) 83. Rheology 83.10.-y Fundamentals and theoretical 83.10.Bb Kinematics of deformation and flow 83.10.Ff Continuum mechanics 83.10.Gr Constitutive relations 83.10.Kn Reptation and tube theories 83.10.Mj Molecular dynamics, Brownian dynamics 83.10.Pp Particle dynamics 83.10.Rs Computer simulation of molecular and particle dynamics 83.10.Tv Structural and phase changes 83.50.-v Deformation and flow 83.50.Ax Steady shear flows, viscometric flow 83.50.Ha Flow in channels 83.50.Jf Extensional flow and combined shear and extension 83.50.Lh Slip boundary effects (interfacial and free surface flows) 83.50.Rp Wall slip and apparent slip 83.50.Uv Material processing (extension, molding, etc.) 83.50.Xa Mixing and blending 83.60.-a Material behavior 83.60.Bc Linear viscoelasticity 83.60.Df Nonlinear viscoelasticity 83.60.Fg Shear rate dependent viscosity 83.60.Hc Normal stress differences and their effects (e.g. rod climbing) 83.60.Jk Extrudate swell 83.60.La Viscoplasticity; yield stress 83.60.Np Effects of electric and magnetic fields 83.60.Pq Time-dependent structure (thixotropy, rheopexy) 83.60.Rs Shear rate-dependent structure (shear thinning and shear thickening) 83.60.St Non-isothermal rheology 83.60.Uv Wave propagation, fracture, and crack healing 83.60.Wc Flow instabilities 83.60.Yz Drag reduction 83.80.-k Material type 83.80.Ab Solids: e.g., composites, glasses, semicrystalline polymers 83.80.Fg Granular solids 83.80.Gv Electro- and magnetorheological fluids 83.80.Hj Suspensions, dispersions, pastes, slurries, colloids 83.80.Iz Emulsions and foams 83.80.Jx Reacting systems: thermosetting polymers, chemorheology, rheokinetics 83.80.Kn Physical gels and microgels 83.80.Lz Physiological materials (e.g. blood, collagen, etc.) 83.80.Mc Other natural materials (e.g. wood and other vegetable materials) 83.80.Nb Geological materials: Earth, magma, ice, rocks, etc. 83.80.Qr Surfactant and micellar systems, associated polymers 83.80.Rs Polymer solutions 83.80.Sg Polymer melts 83.80.Tc Polymer blends 83.80.Uv Block copolymers 83.80.Va Elastomeric polymers 83.80.Wx Filled elastomers 83.80.Xz Liquid crystals: nematic, cholesteric, smectic, discotic, etc. 83.80.Ya Processed food 83.85.-c Techniques and apparatus 83.85.Cg Rheological measurements-rheometry 83.85.Ei Optical methods; rheo-optics 83.85.Fg NMR/magnetic resonance imaging 83.85.Hf X-ray and neutron scattering 83.85.Jn Viscosity measurements 83.85.Lq Normal stress difference measurements 83.85.Ns Data analysis (interconversion of data computation of relaxation and retardation spectra; time-temperature superposition, etc.) 83.85.Pt Computational fluid dynamics 83.85.Rx Extensional flow measurement 83.85.St Stress relaxation 83.85.Tz Creep and/or creep recoil 83.85.Vb Small amplitude oscillatory shear (dynamic mechanical analysis) 83.90.+s Other topics in rheology (restricted to new topics in section 83) 84. Electronics; radiowave and microwave technology; direct energy conversion and storage 84.30.-r Electronic circuits 84.30.Bv Circuit theory (including computer-aided circuit design and analysis) 84.30.Jc Power electronics; power supply circuits 84.30.Le Amplifiers 84.30.Ng Oscillators, pulse generators, and function generators 84.30.Qi Modulators and demodulators; discriminators, comparators, mixers, limiters, and compressors 84.30.Sk Pulse and digital circuits 84.30.Vn Filters 84.32.-y Passive circuit components 84.32.Dd Connectors, relays, and switches 84.32.Ff Conductors, resistors (including thermistors, varistors, and photoresistors) 84.32.Hh Inductors and coils; wiring 84.32.Tt Capacitors 84.32.Vv Fuses 84.35.+i Neural networks 84.37.+q Electric variable measurements (including voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, inductance, impedance, and admittance, etc.) 84.40.-x Radiowave and microwave (including millimeter wave) technology 84.40.Az Waveguides, transmission lines, striplines 84.40.Ba Antennas: theory, components and accessories 84.40.Dc Microwave circuits 84.40.Fe Microwave tubes (e.g., klystrons, magnetrons, traveling-wave, backward-wave tubes, etc.) 84.40.Ik Masers; gyrotrons (cyclotron-resonance masers) 84.40.Lj Microwave integrated electronics 84.40.Ua Telecommunications: signal transmission and processing; communication satellites 84.40.Xb Telemetry: remote control, remote sensing; radar 84.47.+w Vacuum tubes 84.50.+d Electric motors 84.60.-h Direct energy conversion and storage 84.60.Bk Performance characteristics of energy conversion systems; figure of merit 84.60.Jt Photoelectric conversion: solar cells and arrays 84.60.Lw Magnetohydrodynamic conversion 84.60.Ny Thermionic conversion 84.60.Rb Thermoelectric, electrogasdynamic and other direct energy conversion 84.60.Ve Energy storage systems, including capacitor banks 84.70.+p High-current and high-voltage technology: power systems; power transmission lines and cables 84.71.-b Superconducting high-power technology 84.71.Ba Superconducting magnets; magnetic levitation devices 84.71.Fk Superconducting cables 84.71.Mn Superconducting wires, fibers, and tapes 84.90.+a Other topics in electronics, radiowave and microwave technology, and direct energy conversion and storage (restricted to new topics in section 84) 85. Electronic and magnetic devices; microelectronics 85.25.-j Superconducting devices 85.25.Am Superconducting device characterization, design, and modeling 85.25.Cp Josephson devices 85.25.Dq Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) 85.25.Hv Superconducting logic elements and memory devices; microelectronic circuits 85.25.Oj Superconducting optical, x-ray, and gamma-ray detectors (SIS, NIS, transition edge) 85.25.Pb Superconducting infrared, submillimeter and millimeter wave detectors 85.25.Qc Superconducting surface acoustic wave devices and other superconducting devices 85.30.-z Semiconductor devices 85.30.De Semiconductor-device characterization, design, and modeling 85.30.Fg Bulk semiconductor and conductivity oscillation devices (including Hall effect devices, space-charge-limited devices, and Gunn effect devices) 85.30.Hi Surface barrier, boundary, and point contact devices 85.30.Kk Junction diodes 85.30.Mn Junction breakdown and tunneling devices (including resonance tunneling devices) 85.30.Pq Bipolar transistors 85.30.Rs Thyristors 85.30.Tv Field effect devices 85.35.-p Nanoelectronic devices 85.35.Be Quantum well devices (quantum dots, quantum wires, etc.) 85.35.Ds Quantum interference devices 85.35.Gv Single electron devices 85.35.Kt Nanotube devices 85.40.-e Microelectronics: LSI, VLSI, ULSI; integrated circuit fabrication technology 85.40.Bh Computer-aided design of microcircuits; layout and modeling 85.40.Hp Lithography, masks and pattern transfer 85.40.Ls Metallization, contacts, interconnects; device isolation 85.40.Qx Microcircuit quality, noise, performance, and failure analysis 85.40.Ry Impurity doping, diffusion and ion implantation technology 85.40.Sz Deposition technology 85.40.Xx Hybrid microelectronics; thick films 85.45.-w Vacuum microelectronics 85.45.Bz Vacuum microelectronic device characterization, design, and modeling 85.45.Db Field emitters and arrays, cold electron emitters 85.45.Fd Field emission displays (FEDs) 85.50.-n Dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric devices 85.50.Gk Non-volatile ferroelectric memories 85.60.-q Optoelectronic devices 85.60.Bt Optoelectronic device characterization, design, and modeling 85.60.Dw Photodiodes; phototransistors; photoresistors 85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors) 85.60.Ha Photomultipliers; phototubes and photocathodes 85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices 85.60.Pg Display systems 85.65.+h Molecular electronic devices 85.70.-w Magnetic devices 85.70.Ay Magnetic device characterization, design, and modeling 85.70.Ec Magnetostrictive, magnetoacoustic, and magnetostatic devices 85.70.Ge Ferrite and garnet devices 85.70.Kh Magnetic thin film devices: magnetic heads (magnetoresistive, inductive, etc.); domain-motion devices, etc. 85.70.Li Other magnetic recording and storage devices (including tapes, disks, and drums) 85.70.Rp Magnetic levitation, propulsion and control devices 85.70.Sq Magnetooptical devices 85.75.-d Magnetoelectronics; spintronics: devices exploiting spin polarized transport or integrated magnetic fields 85.75.Bb Magnetic memory using giant magnetoresistance 85.75.Dd Magnetic memory using magnetic tunnel junctions 85.75.Ff Reprogrammable magnetic logic 85.75.Hh Spin polarized field effect transistors 85.75.Mm Spin polarized resonant tunnel junctions 85.75.Nn Hybrid Hall devices 85.75.Ss Magnetic field sensors using spin polarized transport 85.80.-b Thermoelectromagnetic and other devices 85.80.Fi Thermoelectric devices 85.80.Jm Magnetoelectric devices 85.80.Lp Magnetothermal devices 85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices 85.90.+h Other topics in electronic and magnetic devices and microelectronics (restricted to new topics in section 85) 87. Biological and medical physics 87.10.+e General theory and mathematical aspects 87.14.-g Biomolecules: types 87.14.Cc Lipids 87.14.Ee Proteins 87.14.Gg DNA, RNA 87.15.-v Biomolecules: structure and physical properties 87.15.Aa Theory and modeling; computer simulation 87.15.By Structure and bonding 87.15.Cc Folding and sequence analysis 87.15.He Dynamics and conformational changes 87.15.Kg Molecular interactions; membrane-protein interactions 87.15.La Mechanical properties 87.15.Mi Spectra, photodissociation, and photoionization; luminescence 87.15.Nn Properties of solutions; aggregation and crystallization of macromolecules 87.15.Rn Reactions and kinetics; polymerization 87.15.Tt Electrophoresis 87.15.Vv Diffusion 87.15.Ya Fluctuations 87.16.-b Subcellular structure and processes 87.16.Ac Theory and modeling; computer simulation 87.16.Dg Membranes, bilayers, and vesicles 87.16.Gj Cell walls 87.16.Ka Filaments, microtubules, their networks, and supramolecular assemblies 87.16.Nn Motor proteins (myosin, kinesin dynein) 87.16.Qp Pseudopods, lamellipods, cilia, and flagella 87.16.Sr Chromosomes, histones 87.16.Tb Organelles 87.16.Uv Active transport processes; ion channels 87.16.Xa Signal transduction 87.16.Yc Regulatory chemical networks 87.17.-d Cellular structure and processes 87.17.Aa Theory and modeling; computer simulation 87.17.Ee Growth and division 87.17.Jj Cell locomotion; chemotaxis and related directed motion 87.17.Nn Electrophysiology of nerve cells 87.18.-h Multicellular phenomena 87.18.Bb Computer simulation 87.18.Ed Aggregation and other collective behavior of motile cells 87.18.Hf Spatiotemporal pattern formation in cellular populations 87.18.La Morphogenesis 87.18.Pj Chemical waves 87.18.Sn Neural networks 87.19.-j Properties of higher organisms 87.19.Bb Sensory perceptions 87.19.Dd Information processing in vision and hearing 87.19.Ff Muscles 87.19.Hh Cardiac dynamics 87.19.Jj Circadian rhythms 87.19.La Neuroscience 87.19.Nn Electrophysiology 87.19.Pp Biothermics 87.19.Rr Mechanical properties of tissues and organs 87.19.St Movement and locomotion 87.19.Tt Rheology of body fluids 87.19.Uv Haemodynamics, pneumodynamics 87.19.Xx Diseases 87.23.-n Ecology and evolution 87.23.Cc Population dynamics and ecological pattern formation 87.23.Ge Dynamics of social systems 87.23.Kg Dynamics of evolution 87.50.-a Effects of radiation and external fields on biomolecules, cells and higher organisms 87.50.Gi Ionizing radiations (ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma-rays, ions, electrons, positrons, neutrons, and mesons, etc.) 87.50.Hj Optical radiation (near ultraviolet, visible, and infrared) 87.50.Jk Radio frequency and microwave radiation (power lines) 87.50.Kk Sound and ultrasound 87.50.Mn Magnetic fields 87.50.Rr Electric fields 87.52.-g Radiation monitoring, control, and safety 87.52.Df Low LET: therapeutic and diagnostic x-rays and electrons 87.52.Ga Low LET: associated neutron shielding and measurement 87.52.Ln High LET 87.52.Px Risk/benefit analysis 87.52.Tr Regulatory issues 87.53.-j Ionizing-radiation therapy physics 87.53.Bn Photon dosimetry: theory and algorithms 87.53.Dq Photon dosimetry: measurements 87.53.Fs Electron and positron dosimetry: theory and algorithms 87.53.Hv Electron and positron dosimetry: measurements 87.53.Jw Brachytherapy 87.53.Kn Conformal radiation treatment 87.53.Ly Stereotactic radiosurgery 87.53.Mr Beam intensity modification: wedges, compensators 87.53.Na Radioimmunotherapy 87.53.Oq Portal imaging in therapy 87.53.Pb Proton, neutron, and heavier particle dosimetry: theory and algorithms 87.53.Qc Proton, neutron, and heavier particle dosimetry: measurements 87.53.Rd Microdosimetry 87.53.St Record and verify systems and applications 87.53.Tf Treatment planning, optimization, tissue response factors, and dose-volume analysis 87.53.Uv Collimation 87.53.Vb Simulation 87.53.Wz Monte Carlo applications 87.53.Xd Quality assurance in radiotherapy 87.54.-n Non-ionizing radiation therapy physics 87.54.Br Thermotherapy (hyperthermia and cryogenic therapy) 87.54.Dt Electrotherapy 87.54.Fj Photodynamic therapy 87.54.Hk Sound and ultrasound therapy/lithotripsy 87.56.-v Radiation therapy equipment 87.56.By Radiation generators 87.56.Da Ancillary equipment 87.56.Fc Quality assurance equipment 87.57.-s Medical imaging: general 87.57.Ce Image quality: contrast, resolution, noise, etc. 87.57.Gg Image reconstruction and registration 87.57.Nk Image analysis 87.57.Ra Computer-aided diagnosis 87.58.-b Nuclear medicine imaging, dosimetry, labeling, metabolic studies 87.58.Ce Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 87.58.Fg Positron emission tomography (PET) 87.58.Ji Radiopharmaceuticals 87.58.Mj Digital imaging 87.58.Pm Scintillation cameras 87.58.Sp Dosimetry 87.58.Vr Quantitative measurements and scanning 87.58.Xs Bone densitometry 87.59.-e X-ray imaging 87.59.Bh X-ray radiography 87.59.Ci Fluoroscopy 87.59.Dj Angiography 87.59.Ek Mammography 87.59.Fm Computed tomography (CT) 87.59.Hp Digital radiography 87.59.Jq Transmission imaging 87.59.Ls Bone densitometry 87.61.-c Magnetic resonance imaging 87.61.Cd Pulse sequences for imaging 87.61.Ff Instrumentation 87.61.Lh Angiography and macroscopic flow estimation 87.61.Pk Clinical imaging studies 87.62.+n Medical imaging equipment 87.63.-d Non-ionizing radiation equipment and techniques 87.63.Df Ultrasonography 87.63.Hg Thermography 87.63.Lk Visible radiation: diaphanography, transillumination, laser imaging 87.63.Pn Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) 87.64.-t Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques in biophysics and medical physics 87.64.Aa Computer simulation 87.64.Bx Electron, neutron and x-ray diffraction and scattering 87.64.Cc Scattering of visible, uv, and infrared radiation 87.64.Dz Scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy 87.64.Ee Electron microscopy 87.64.Fb EXAFS spectroscopy 87.64.Gb X-ray spectroscopy 87.64.Hd EPR and NMR spectroscopy 87.64.Je Infrared and Raman spectroscopy 87.64.Lg Electron and photoelectron spectroscopy 87.64.Ni Optical absorption, magnetic circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy 87.64.Pj Mössbauer spectroscopy 87.64.Rr Light microscopy: bright-field, dark-field, phase contrast, DIC 87.64.Tt Confocal microscopy 87.64.Vv Multiphoton microscopy 87.64.Xx Near-field scanning optical microscopy 87.65.+y Aerospace bio- and medical physics (effects of accelerations, weightlessness, and space environment) 87.66.-a Radiation measurement 87.66.Cd Films: silver bromide based, radiochromic, etc. 87.66.Ff Chemical dosimetry 87.66.Jj Ionization dosimetry 87.66.Na Calorimetric dosimetry 87.66.Pm Solid state detectors 87.66.Sq Thermoluminescence, bioluminescence, etc. 87.66.Uv Magnetic resonance 87.66.Xa Phantoms 87.68.+z Biomaterials and biological interfaces 87.80.-y Biological techniques and instrumentation; biomedical engineering 87.80.Cc Optical trapping 87.80.Fe Micromanipulators 87.80.Jg Patch clamping 87.80.Mj Micromachining 87.80.Pa Morphometry and stereology 87.80.Rb Tissue and cellular engineering and biotechnology 87.80.Tq Biological signal processing and instrumentation 87.80.Vt Dynamical, regulatory, and integrative biology 87.80.Xa Neural engineering 87.83.+a Biomedical applications of nanotechnology 87.90.+y Other topics in biological and medical physics (restricted to new topics in section 87) 89. Other areas of applied and interdisciplinary physics 89.20.-a Interdisciplinary applications of physics 89.20.Bb Industrial and technological research and development 89.20.Dd Military technology and weapons systems; arms control 89.20.Ff Computer science and technology 89.20.Hh World Wide Web, Internet 89.20.Kk Engineering 89.30.-g Energy resources 89.30.Aa Fossil fuels 89.30.Cc Solar power 89.30.Ee Hydroelectric, hydrothermal, geothermal and wind power 89.30.Gg Nuclear fission power 89.30.Jj Nuclear fusion power 89.40.-a Transportation 89.40.Bb Land transportation 89.40.Cc Water transportation 89.40.Dd Air transporation 89.60.-k Environmental studies 89.60.Ec Environmental safety 89.60.Fe Environmental regulations 89.60.Gg Impact of natural and man-made disasters 89.65.-s Social and economic systems 89.65.Cd Demographic studies 89.65.Ef Social organizations; anthropology 89.65.Gh Economics; econophysics, financial markets, business and management 89.65.Lm Urban planning and construction 89.70.+c Information theory and communication theory 89.75.-k Complex systems 89.75.Da Systems obeying scaling laws 89.75.Fb Structures and organization in complex systems 89.75.Hc Networks and genealogical trees 89.75.Kd Patterns 89.90.+n Other topics in areas of applied and interdisciplinary physics (restricted to new topics in section 89) 90. GEOPHYSICS, ASTRONOMY, AND ASTROPHYSICS 91. Solid Earth physics 91.10.-v Geodesy and gravity 91.10.By Mathematical geodesy; general theory 91.10.Da Cartography 91.10.Fc Space geodetic surveys 91.10.Jf Topography; geometric observations 91.10.Kg Crustal movements 91.10.Lh Photogrammetry 91.10.Nj Rotational variations; polar wobble 91.10.Pp Gravimetric measurements and instruments 91.10.Qm Harmonics of the gravity potential field 91.10.Rn Rheology of lithosphere and mantle 91.10.Sp Satellite orbits 91.10.Tq Earth tides 91.10.Vr Ocean/Earth/atmosphere interaction 91.10.Ws Reference systems 91.25.-r Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism; geoelectricity 91.25.Cw Origins and models of the magnetic field; dynamo theories 91.25.Dx Archeomagnetism 91.25.Ey Interactions between exterior sources and interior properties 91.25.Ga Spatial variations: all harmonics and anomalies 91.25.Jc Spatial variations attributed to sea floor spreading 91.25.Le Time variations: diurnal to secular 91.25.Mf Reversals 91.25.Ng Paleomagnetism 91.25.Ph Magnetostratigraphy 91.25.Qi Geoelectricity; electromagnetic induction and conductivity (magnetotelluric effects) 91.30.-f Seismology 91.30.Bi Seismic sources (mechanisms, magnitude, moment frequency spectrum) 91.30.Dk Seismicity: space and time distribution 91.30.Fn Surface and body waves 91.30.Ks Free oscillations (periods less than 12 hours) 91.30.Mv Strong motions and shock waves 91.30.Nw Tsunamis 91.30.Px Phenomena related to earthquake prediction 91.30.Rz Explosion seismology 91.30.Tb Volcano seismology 91.30.Vc Continental crust seismology 91.30.Ye Oceanic crust seismology 91.35.-x Earth's interior structure and properties 91.35.Cb Models of interior structure 91.35.Dc Heat flow; geothermy 91.35.Ed Structure of the Earth's interior below the upper mantle 91.35.Gf Structure of the crust and upper mantle 91.35.Lj Composition of Earth's interior 91.35.Nm Geochronology 91.35.Pn Tomography of the Earth's interior 91.40.-k Volcanology 91.40.Bp Ash deposits 91.40.Dr Atmospheric effects 91.40.Ft Eruptions 91.40.Hw Lava 91.45.-c Physics of plate tectonics 91.45.Cg Continental margins 91.45.Dh Plate tectonics 91.45.Ei Neotectonics 91.45.Fj Convection currents 91.45.Pt Slow vertical crustal movements (including isostasy and postglacial phenomena) 91.45.Qv Tomography of plate tectonics 91.45.Sx Relations of gravity observations to tectonics and isostasy 91.45.Ty Folds and Folding 91.45.Vz Fractures and faults 91.45.Yb Pluton emplacement 91.50.-r Marine geology and geophysics 91.50.Cw Beach, coastal, and shelf processes 91.50.Ey Ocean bottom processes 91.50.Ga Bathymetry and noncoastal underwater morphology 91.50.Jc Turbidity currents, sedimentation 91.60.-x Physical properties of rocks and minerals 91.60.Ba Elasticity, fracture, and flow 91.60.Dc Creep and deformation 91.60.Ed Crystal structure and defects 91.60.Fe Equations of state 91.60.Gf High-pressure behavior 91.60.Hg Phase changes 91.60.Ki Thermal properties 91.60.Lj Acoustic properties 91.60.Mk Optical properties 91.60.Pn Magnetic and electric properties; environmental magnetism 91.65.-n Geophysical aspects of geology, mineralogy, and petrology 91.65.Br Geochemical cycles 91.65.Dt Isotopic composition/chemistry 91.65.Fw Low-temperature geochemistry 91.65.Hy Organic geochemistry 91.65.Nd Trace elements 91.65.Rg Mineral occurrences and deposits 91.65.Ti Sedimentary petrology 91.65.Vj Major element composition 91.70.-c Information related to geologic time 91.70.Bf Cenozoic 91.70.Dh Mesozoic 91.70.Fj Paleozoic 91.70.Hm Precambrian 91.90.+p Other topics in solid Earth physics (restricted to new topics in section 91) 92. Hydrospheric and atmospheric geophysics 92.10.-c Physics of the oceans 92.10.Bf Physical properties of seawater 92.10.Cg Capillary waves 92.10.Dh Dynamics of the deep ocean 92.10.Ei Coriolis effects 92.10.Fj Dynamics of the upper ocean 92.10.Gk El Nino 92.10.Hm Surface waves, tides, and sea level 92.10.Jn Seiches 92.10.Kp Sea–air energy exchange processes 92.10.Lq Turbulence and diffusion 92.10.Mr Thermohaline structure and circulation 92.10.Ns Fine structure and microstructure 92.10.Pt Optical properties of sea water 92.10.Rw Sea ice 92.10.Sx Coastal and estuarine oceanography 92.10.Ty Fronts and jets 92.10.Vz Underwater sound 92.10.Wa Sediment transport 92.10.Yb Hydrography 92.20.-h Interdisciplinary aspects of oceanography 92.20.Bk Aerosols 92.20.Cm Chemistry of the ocean 92.20.Gr Ocean energy extraction 92.20.Hs Anoxic environments 92.20.Jt Biological aspects of oceanography 92.20.Kv Photochemistry 92.20.Lw Photosynthesis 92.20.Mx Physicochemical properties 92.20.Ny Marine pollution 92.20.Pz Bacteria 92.20.Rb Plankton 92.20.Td Radioactivity 92.40.-t Hydrology and glaciology 92.40.Cy Modeling; general theory 92.40.Ea Precipitation 92.40.Fb Rivers, runoff, and streamflow 92.40.Gc Erosion and sedimentation 92.40.Je Evaporation 92.40.Kf Groundwater 92.40.Lg Soil moisture 92.40.Ni Limnology 92.40.Qk Water quality and water resources 92.40.Rm Snow 92.40.Sn Ice 92.40.Vq Glaciers 92.60.-e Meteorology 92.60.Bh General circulation 92.60.Dj Gravity waves, tides, and compressional waves 92.60.Ek Convection, turbulence, and diffusion 92.60.Fm Boundary layer structure and processes 92.60.Gn Winds and their effects 92.60.Hp Chemical composition and chemical interactions 92.60.Jq Water in the atmosphere (humidity, clouds, evaporation, precipitation) 92.60.Ls Ionic interactions and processes 92.60.Mt Particles and aerosols 92.60.Nv Cloud physics; stratus and cumulus clouds 92.60.Pw Atmospheric electricity 92.60.Qx Storms 92.60.Ry Climatology 92.60.Sz Air quality and air pollution 92.60.Ta Interaction of atmosphere with electromagnetic waves; propagation 92.60.Vb Solar radiation 92.60.Wc Weather analysis and prediction 92.70.-j Global change 92.70.Cp Atmosphere 92.70.Er Biogeochemical processes 92.70.Gt Climate dynamics 92.70.Jw Oceans 92.70.Ly Water cycles 92.90.+x Other topics in hydrospheric and atmospheric geophysics (restricted to new topics in section 92) 93. Geophysical observations, instrumentation, and techniques 93.30.-w Information related to geographical regions 93.30.Bz Africa 93.30.Ca Antarctica 93.30.Db Asia 93.30.Fd Australia 93.30.Ge Europe 93.30.Hf North America 93.30.Jg South America 93.30.Kh Large islands (e.g., Greenland) 93.30.Li Arctic Ocean 93.30.Mj Atlantic Ocean 93.30.Nk Indian Ocean 93.30.Pm Pacific Ocean 93.30.Qn Southern Ocean 93.30.Rp Regional seas 93.30.Sq Polar regions 93.30.Tr Temperate regions 93.30.Vs Tropical regions 93.55.+z International organizations, national and international programs 93.65.+e Data acquisition and storage 93.85.+q Instrumentation and techniques for geophysical research 94. Aeronomy and magnetospheric physics 94.10.-s Physics of the neutral atmosphere 94.10.Bw General properties of the high atmosphere 94.10.Dy Atmospheric structure, pressure, density, and temperature (stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere) 94.10.Fa Atmospheric composition (atomic or molecular), chemical reactions and processes 94.10.Gb Absorption and scattering of radiation 94.10.Jd Tides, waves, and winds 94.10.Lf Convection, diffusion, mixing, turbulence, and fallout 94.10.Nh Cosmic dust 94.10.Rk Aurora and airglow 94.20.-y Physics of the ionosphere 94.20.Bb Wave propagation 94.20.Dd Ionospheric structure (D, E, F, and topside regions) including steady-state ion densities and temperatures 94.20.Ee D region 94.20.Gg E region 94.20.Ji F region 94.20.Kj Polar cap ionosphere 94.20.Lk Topside region 94.20.Mm Plasmasphere 94.20.Pp Plasmapause 94.20.Qq Particle precipitation 94.20.Rr Interactions between waves and particles 94.20.Ss Electric fields 94.20.Tt Ionospheric soundings 94.20.Vv Ionospheric disturbances and modifications 94.20.Ww Plasma motion, convection, or circulation 94.20.Yx Interaction between ionosphere and magnetosphere 94.30.-d Physics of the magnetosphere 94.30.Bg Magnetic coordinate systems 94.30.Ch Magnetospheric configuration 94.30.Di Magnetopause 94.30.Ej Magnetic tail 94.30.Fk Plasma motion, convection, or circulation 94.30.Gm Plasma instabilities 94.30.Hn Trapped particles 94.30.Jp Ring currents 94.30.Kq Electric fields 94.30.Lr Magnetic storms, substorms 94.30.Ms Magnetic pulsations 94.30.Tz Waves: propagation and excitation 94.30.Va Magnetosheath; interaction with interplanetary space (including solar wind) 94.80.+g Instrumentation for aeronomy and magnetospheric studies 94.90.+m Other topics in aeronomy and magnetospheric physics (restricted to new topics in section 94) 95. Fundamental astronomy and astrophysics; instrumentation, techniques, and astronomical observations 95.10.-a Fundamental astronomy 95.10.Ce Celestial mechanics (including n-body problems) (see also 45.50.Pk in classical mechanics of discrete systems) 95.10.Eg Orbit determination and improvement 95.10.Fh Chaotic dynamics 95.10.Gi Eclipses, transits, and occultations 95.10.Jk Astrometry and reference systems 95.10.Km Ephemerides, almanacs, and calendars 95.30.-k Fundamental aspects of astrophysics 95.30.Cq Elementary particle processes 95.30.Dr Atomic processes and interactions 95.30.Ft Molecular and chemical processes and interactions 95.30.Gv Radiation mechanisms; polarization 95.30.Jx Radiative transfer; scattering 95.30.Ky Atomic and molecular data, spectra, and spectral parameters (opacities, rotation constants, line identification, oscillator strengths, gf values, transition probabilities, etc.) 95.30.Lz Hydrodynamics 95.30.Qd Magnetohydrodynamics and plasmas 95.30.Sf Relativity and gravitation 95.30.Tg Thermodynamic processes, conduction, convection, equations of state 95.30.Wi Dust processes (condensation, evaporation, sputtering, mantle growth, etc.) 95.35.+d Dark matter (stellar, interstellar, galactic, and cosmological) 95.40.+s Artificial Earth satellites 95.45.+i Observatories and site testing 95.55.-n Astronomical and space-research instrumentation 95.55.Aq Charge-coupled devices, image detectors, and IR detector arrays 95.55.Br Astrometric and interferometric instruments 95.55.Cs Ground-based ultraviolet, optical and infrared telescopes 95.55.Ev Solar instruments 95.55.Fw Space-based ultraviolet, optical, and infrared telescopes 95.55.Jz Radio telescopes and instrumentation; heterodyne receivers 95.55.Ka X- and &ggr;-ray telescopes and instrumentation 95.55.Pe Lunar, planetary, and deep-space probes 95.55.Qf Photometric, polarimetric, and spectroscopic instrumentation 95.55.Rg Photoconductors and bolometers 95.55.Sh Auxiliary and recording instruments; clocks and frequency standards 95.55.Vj Neutrino, muon, pion, and other elementary particle detectors; cosmic ray detectors 95.55.Ym Gravitational radiation detectors; mass spectrometers; and other instrumentation and techniques 95.75.-z Observation and data reduction techniques; computer modeling and simulation 95.75.De Photography and photometry (including microlensing techniques) 95.75.Fg Spectroscopy and spectrophotometry 95.75.Hi Polarimetry 95.75.Kk Interferometry 95.75.Mn Image processing (including source extraction) 95.75.Pq Mathematical procedures and computer techniques 95.75.Qr Adaptive and segmented optics 95.75.Rs Remote observing techniques 95.75.Tv Digitization techniques 95.75.Wx Time series analysis, time variability 95.80.+p Astronomical catalogs, atlases, sky surveys, databases, retrieval systems, archives, etc. 95.85.-e Astronomical observations (additional primary heading(s) must be chosen with these entries to represent the astronomical objects and/or properties studied) 95.85.Bh Radio, microwave (>1 mm) 95.85.Fm Submillimeter (300 &mgr;m–1 mm) 95.85.Gn Far infrared (10–300 &mgr;m) 95.85.Hp Infrared (3–10 &mgr;m) 95.85.Jq Near infrared (0.75–3 &mgr;m) 95.85.Kr Visible (390–750 nm) 95.85.Ls Near ultraviolet (300–390 nm) 95.85.Mt Ultraviolet (10–300 nm) 95.85.Nv X-ray 95.85.Pw &ggr;-ray 95.85.Ry Neutrino, muon, pion, and other elementary particles; cosmic rays 95.85.Sz Gravitational radiation, magnetic fields, and other observations 95.90.+v Historical astronomy and archaeoastronomy; and other topics in fundamental astronomy and astrophysics; instrumentation, techniques, and astronomical observations 96. Solar System 96.10.+i General, solar nebula, and cosmogony 96.20.-n Moon 96.20.Br Origin, formation, and age 96.20.Dt Features, landmarks, mineralogy, petrology, and atmosphere 96.20.Jz Gravitational field, selenodesy, magnetic fields 96.20.Ka Cratering 96.30.-t Planets, their satellites and rings; asteroids 96.30.Dz Mercury 96.30.Ea Venus 96.30.Gc Mars 96.30.Kf Jupiter 96.30.Mh Saturn 96.30.Pj Uranus 96.30.Rm Neptune 96.30.Sn Pluto 96.30.Wr Planetary rings 96.30.Ys Asteroids (minor planets) 96.35.-j Planetary, asteroid, cometary, and satellite characteristics and properties 96.35.Cp Origin, formation, evolution, and ages 96.35.Er Chemical composition 96.35.Fs Mass, size; gravitational fields; rotation; orbits 96.35.Gt Surface features, cratering, and topography 96.35.Hv Neutral atmospheres 96.35.Kx Ionospheres; magnetospheres 96.35.Mz Interiors 96.35.Na Volcanism and tectonics 96.35.Pb Electric and magnetic fields 96.35.Se Interplanetary comparisons 96.40.-z Cosmic rays 96.40.Cd Interplanetary propagation and effects 96.40.De Composition, energy spectra, and interactions 96.40.Fg Energetic solar particles and photons 96.40.Kk Solar modulation and geophysical effects 96.40.Pq Extensive air showers 96.40.Tv Neutrinos and muons 96.40.Vw Cosmic-ray effects in meteorites and terrestrial matter 96.50.-e Interplanetary space 96.50.Bh Solar and interplanetary electric and magnetic fields (including solar wind fields) 96.50.Ci Solar wind plasma 96.50.Dj Interplanetary gas and dust (including gegenschein and zodiacal light) 96.50.Ek Solar wind interactions with planets, satellites, and comets (for interactions with Earth, see 94.30.Va) 96.50.Fm Shock waves 96.50.Gn Comets 96.50.Hp Oort cloud 96.50.Jq Kuiper belt 96.50.Kr Meteors, meteoroids, and meteor streams 96.50.Mt Meteorites, micrometeorites, and tektites 96.50.Pw Particle acceleration 96.50.Qx Stream-stream interactions 96.50.Ry Waves and discontinuities 96.60.-j Solar physics 96.60.Bn Diameter, figure, rotation, mass 96.60.Fs Chemical composition 96.60.Hv Electric and magnetic fields 96.60.Jw Solar interior 96.60.Ly Oscillations and waves; helioseismology 96.60.Mz Photosphere, granulation 96.60.Na Chromosphere and chromosphere–corona transition; spicules 96.60.Pb Corona; coronal loops, streamers, and holes 96.60.Qc Sunspots, faculae, plages 96.60.Rd Flares, bursts, and related phenomena 96.60.Se Prominences 96.60.Tf Solar electromagnetic radiation 96.60.Vg Particle radiation, solar wind, and solar neutrinos 96.60.Wh Coronal mass ejection 96.90.+c Other topics on the solar system (restricted to new topics in section 96) 97. Stars 97.10.-q Stellar characteristics and properties 97.10.Bt Star formation 97.10.Cv Stellar structure, interiors, evolution, nucleosynthesis, ages 97.10.Ex Stellar atmospheres (photospheres, chromospheres, coronae, magnetospheres); radiative transfer; opacity and line formation 97.10.Fy Circumstellar shells, clouds, and expanding envelopes; circumstellar masers 97.10.Gz Accretion and accretion disks 97.10.Jb Stellar activity 97.10.Kc Stellar rotation 97.10.Ld Magnetic and electric fields; polarization of starlight 97.10.Me Mass loss and stellar winds 97.10.Nf Masses 97.10.Pg Radii 97.10.Qh Surface features (including starspots) 97.10.Ri Luminosities; magnitudes; effective temperatures, colors, and spectral classification 97.10.Sj Pulsations, oscillations, and stellar seismology 97.10.Tk Abundances, chemical composition 97.10.Vm Distances, parallaxes 97.10.Wn Proper motions and radial velocities (line-of-sight velocities); space motions 97.10.Xq Luminosity and mass functions 97.10.Yp Star counts, distribution, and statistics 97.10.Zr Hertzsprung-Russell, color-magnitude, and color-color diagrams 97.20.-w Normal stars (by class): general or individual 97.20.Ec Main-sequence: early-type stars (O and B) 97.20.Ge Main-sequence: intermediate-type stars (A and F) 97.20.Jg Main-sequence: late-type stars (G, K, and M) 97.20.Li Giant and subgiant stars 97.20.Pm Supergiant stars 97.20.Rp Faint blue stars (including blue stragglers), white dwarfs, degenerate stars, nuclei of planetary nebulae 97.20.Tr Population II stars (horizontal branch, metal poor, etc.) 97.20.Vs Low luminosity stars, subdwarfs, and brown dwarfs 97.20.Wt Population III stars 97.21.+a Pre-main sequence objects, young stellar objects (YSO's) and protostars (T Tauri stars, Orion population, Herbig–Haro objects, Bok globules, bipolar outflows, cometary nebulae, etc.) 97.30.-b Variable and peculiar stars (including novae) 97.30.Dg Low-amplitude blue variables (alpha Cygni, beta Cephei, delta Scuti, delta Delphini, delta Canis Majoris, SX Phoenicius, etc.) 97.30.Eh Emission-line stars (Of, Be, Luminous Blue Variables, Wolf–Rayet, etc.) 97.30.Fi Chemically peculiar stars (Ap, Am, etc.) 97.30.Gj Cepheids (delta Cephei, W Virginis) 97.30.Hk Carbon stars, S stars, and related types (C, S, R, and N) 97.30.Jm Long-period variables (Miras) and semiregulars 97.30.Kn RR Lyrae stars; RV Tauri and PV Telescopii variables 97.30.Nr Flare stars (UV Ceti, RS Canum Venaticorum, FU Orionis, R Coronae Borealis variables, etc.) 97.30.Qt Novae, dwarf novae, recurrent novae, and other cataclysmic (eruptive) variables 97.30.Sw Unusual and peculiar variables 97.60.-s Late stages of stellar evolution (including black holes) 97.60.Bw Supernovae 97.60.Gb Pulsars 97.60.Jd Neutron stars 97.60.Lf Black holes 97.80.-d Binary and multiple stars 97.80.Af Astrometric and interferometric binaries 97.80.Di Visual binaries 97.80.Fk Spectroscopic binaries; close binaries 97.80.Gm Cataclysmic binaries (novae, dwarf novae, recurrent novae, and nova-like objects); symbiotic stars 97.80.Hn Eclipsing binaries 97.80.Jp X-ray binaries 97.80.Kq Multiple stars 97.82.-j Extrasolar planetary systems 97.82.Cp Photometric and spectroscopic detection; coronographic detection; interferometric detection 97.82.Fs Substellar companions; planets 97.82.Jw Infrared excess; debris disks; protoplanetary disks; exo-zodiacal dust 97.90.+j Other topics on stars (restricted to new topics in section 97) 98. Stellar systems; interstellar medium; galactic and extragalactic objects and systems; the Universe 98.10.+z Stellar dynamics and kinematics 98.20.-d Stellar clusters and associations 98.20.Af Associations of stars (OB, T, R) in the Milky Way 98.20.Bg Associations of stars (OB, T, R) in external galaxies 98.20.Di Open clusters in the Milky Way 98.20.Fk Open clusters in external galaxies 98.20.Gm Globular clusters in the Milky Way 98.20.Jp Globular clusters in external galaxies 98.35.-a Characteristics and properties of the Milky Way galaxy 98.35.Ac Origin, formation, evolution, age, and star formation 98.35.Bd Chemical composition and chemical evolution 98.35.Ce Mass and mass distribution 98.35.Df Kinematics, dynamics, and rotation 98.35.Eg Electric and magnetic fields 98.35.Gi Galactic halo 98.35.Hj Spiral arms and galactic disk 98.35.Jk Galactic center, bar, circumnuclear matter, and bulge (including black hole and distance measurements) 98.35.Ln Stellar content and populations; morphology and overall structure 98.35.Mp Infall and accretion 98.35.Nq Galactic winds and fountains 98.35.Pr Solar neighborhood 98.38.-j Interstellar medium (ISM) and nebulae in Milky Way 98.38.Am Physical properties (abundances, electron density, magnetic fields, scintillation, scattering, kinematics, dynamics, turbulence, etc.) 98.38.Bn Atomic, molecular, and chemical, and grain processes 98.38.Cp Interstellar dust grains; diffuse emission; infrared cirrus 98.38.Dq Molecular clouds, H2 clouds, dense clouds, and dark clouds 98.38.Er Interstellar masers 98.38.Fs Jets, outflows, and bipolar flows 98.38.Gt H I regions and 21-cm lines; diffuse, translucent, and high-velocity clouds 98.38.Hv H II regions; emission and reflection nebulae 98.38.Jw Infrared emission 98.38.Kx Intercloud medium (ICM); hot and highly ionized gas; bubbles 98.38.Ly Planetary nebulae 98.38.Mz Supernova remnants 98.52.-b Normal galaxies; extragalactic objects and systems (by type) 98.52.Cf Classification and classification systems 98.52.Eh Elliptical galaxies 98.52.Lp Lenticular (S0) galaxies 98.52.Nr Spiral galaxies 98.52.Sw Irregular and morphologically peculiar galaxies 98.52.Wz Dwarf galaxies (elliptical, irregular, and spheroidal) 98.54.-h Quasars; active or peculiar galaxies, objects, and systems 98.54.Aj Quasars 98.54.Cm Active and peculiar galaxies and related systems (including BL Lacertae objects, blazars, Seyfert galaxies, Markarian galaxies, and active galactic nuclei) 98.54.Ep Starburst galaxies and infrared excess galaxies 98.54.Gr Radio galaxies 98.54.Kt Protogalaxies; primordial galaxies 98.56.-p Local group; Magellanic Clouds 98.56.Ew Elliptical galaxies 98.56.Ne Spiral galaxies (M31 and M33) 98.56.Si Magellanic Clouds and other irregular galaxies 98.56.Tj Magellanic stream 98.56.Wm Dwarf galaxies (elliptical, irregular, and spheroidal) 98.58.-w Interstellar medium (ISM) and nebulae in external galaxies 98.58.Ay Physical properties (abundances, electron density, magnetic fields, scintillation, scattering, kinematics, dynamics, turbulence, etc.) 98.58.Bz Atomic, molecular, chemical, and grain processes 98.58.Ca Interstellar dust grains; diffuse emission; infrared cirrus 98.58.Db Molecular clouds, H2 clouds, dense clouds, and dark clouds 98.58.Ec Interstellar masers 98.58.Fd Jets, outflows and bipolar flows 98.58.Ge H I regions and 21-cm lines; diffuse, translucent, and high-velocity clouds 98.58.Hf H II regions; emission and reflection nebulae 98.58.Jg Infrared emission 98.58.Kh Intercloud medium (ICM); hot and highly ionized gas; bubbles 98.58.Li Planetary nebulae 98.58.Mj Supernova remnants 98.58.Nk Tidal tails; H I shells 98.62.-g Characteristics and properties of external galaxies and extragalactic objects 98.62.Ai Origin, formation, evolution, age, and star formation 98.62.Bj Chemical composition and chemical evolution 98.62.Ck Masses and mass distribution 98.62.Dm Kinematics, dynamics, and rotation 98.62.En Electric and magnetic fields 98.62.Gq Galactic halos 98.62.Hr Spiral arms and bars; galactic disks 98.62.Js Galactic nuclei (including black holes), circumnuclear matter, and bulges 98.62.Lv Stellar content and populations; radii; morphology and overall structure 98.62.Mw Infall, accretion, and accretion disks 98.62.Nx Jets and bursts; galactic winds and fountains 98.62.Py Distances, redshifts, radial velocities; spatial distribution of galaxies 98.62.Qz Magnitudes and colors; luminosities 98.62.Ra Intergalactic matter; quasar absorption and emission-line systems; Lyman forest 98.62.Sb Gravitational lenses and luminous arcs 98.62.Tc Astrometry; identification 98.62.Ve Statistical and correlative studies of properties (luminosity and mass functions; mass-to-light ratio; Tully-Fisher relation, etc.) 98.65.-r Galaxy groups, clusters, and superclusters; large scale structure of the Universe 98.65.At Interacting galaxies; galaxy pairs, and triples 98.65.Bv Small and compact galaxy groups 98.65.Cw Galaxy clusters 98.65.Dx Superclusters; large-scale structure of the Universe (including voids, pancakes, great wall, etc.) 98.65.Fz Galaxy mergers, collisions, and tidal interactions 98.65.Hb Intracluster matter; cooling flows 98.70.-f Unidentified sources of radiation outside the Solar System 98.70.Dk Radio sources 98.70.Lt IR sources 98.70.Qy X-ray sources; X-ray bursts 98.70.Rz &ggr;-ray sources; &ggr;-ray bursts 98.70.Sa Cosmic rays (including sources, origin, acceleration, and interactions) 98.70.Vc Background radiations 98.80.-k Cosmology 98.80.Bp Origin and formation of the Universe 98.80.Cq Particle-theory and field-theory models of the early Universe (including cosmic pancakes, cosmic strings, chaotic phenomena, inflationary universe, etc.) 98.80.Es Observational cosmology (including Hubble constant, distance scale, cosmological constant, early Universe, etc) 98.80.Ft Origin, formation, and abundances of the elements 98.80.Jk Mathematical and relativistic aspects of cosmology 98.80.Qc Quantum cosmology 98.90.+s Other topics on stellar systems; interstellar medium; galactic and extragalactic objects and systems; the Universe (restricted to new topics in section 98) 99.10.-x Errata and other corrections 99.10.Cd Errata 99.10.Fg Publisher's note 99.10.Jk Corrected article APPENDIX TO 43:ACOUSTICS The detailed headings of this Appendix correspond to the scheme used by the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 43.05.-k Acoustical Society of America 43.05.Bp Constitution and bylaws 43.05.Dr History 43.05.Ft Honorary members 43.05.Gv Publications, ARLO, Echoes, ASA Web page, electronic archives and references 43.05.Hw Meetings 43.05.Ky Members and membership lists, personal notes, fellows 43.05.Ma Administrative committee activities 43.05.Nb Technical committee activities; Technical Council 43.05.Pc Prizes, medals, and other awards 43.05.Re Regional chapters 43.05.Sf Obituaries 43.10.-a General 43.10.Ce Conferences, lectures, and announcements (not of the Acoustical Society of America) 43.10.Df Other acoustical societies and their publications, online journals 43.10.Eg Biographical, historical, and personal notes (not of the Acoustical Society of America) 43.10.Gi Editorials 43.10.Hj Books and book reviews 43.10.Jk Bibliographies 43.10.Km Patents 43.10.Ln Surveys and tutorial papers relating to acoustics research 43.10.Mq Tutorial papers of historical and philosophical nature 43.10.Nq Nonacoustical theories 43.10.Pr Nonacoustical devices 43.10.Qs Notes relating to acoustics as a profession 43.10.Sv Education in acoustics, tutorial papers of interest to acoustics educators 43.10.Vx Errata 43.15.+s Standards 43.20.-f General linear acoustics 43.20.Bi Mathematical theory of wave propagation 43.20.Dk Ray acoustics 43.20.El Reflection, refraction, diffraction of acoustic waves 43.20.Fn Scattering of acoustic waves 43.20.Gp Reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and scattering of elastic and poroelastic waves 43.20.Hq Velocity and attenuation of acoustic waves 43.20.Jr Velocity and attenuation of elastic and poroelastic waves 43.20.Ks Standing waves, resonance, normal modes 43.20.Mv Waveguides, wave propagation in tubes and ducts 43.20.Px Transient radiation and scattering 43.20.Rz Steady-state radiation from sources, impedance, radiation patterns 43.20.Tb Interaction of vibrating structures with surrounding medium 43.20.Wd Analogies 43.20.Ye Measurement methods and instrumentation 43.25.-x Nonlinear acoustics 43.25.Ba Parameters of nonlinearity of the medium 43.25.Cb Macrosonic propagation, finite amplitude sound; shock waves 43.25.Dc Nonlinear acoustics of solids 43.25.Ed Effect of nonlinearity on velocity and attenuation 43.25.Fe Effect of nonlinearity on acoustic surface waves 43.25.Gf Standing waves; resonance 43.25.Hg Interaction of intense sound waves with noise 43.25.Jh Reflection, refraction, interference, scattering, and diffraction of intense sound waves 43.25.Lj Parametric arrays, interaction of sound with sound, virtual sources 43.25.Nm Acoustic streaming 43.25.Qp Radiation pressure 43.25.Rq Solitons, chaos 43.25.Ts Nonlinear acoustical and dynamical systems 43.25.Uv Acoustic levitation 43.25.Vt Intense sound sources 43.25.Yw Acoustic cavitation, vibration of gas bubbles in liquids 43.25.Zx Measurement methods and instrumentation for nonlinear acoustics 43.28.-g Aeroacoustics and atmospheric sound 43.28.Bj Mechanisms affecting sound propagation in air, sound speed in the air, acoustic-gravity waves 43.28.Dm Infrasound 43.28.En Interaction of sound with ground surfaces, ground cover and topography, and acoustic impedance of outdoor surfaces 43.28.Fp Outdoor sound propagation through a stationary atmosphere, meteorological factors 43.28.Gq Outdoor sound propagation and scattering in a turbulent atmosphere, and in non-uniform flowfields 43.28.Hr Outdoor sound sources 43.28.Js Numerical models for outdoor propagation 43.28.Kt Aerothermoacoustics and combustion acoustics 43.28.Lv Statistical characteristics of sound fields and propagation parameters 43.28.Mw Shock and blast waves, sonic boom 43.28.Py Interaction of fluid motion and sound, Doppler effect and sound in flow ducts. 43.28.Ra Generation of sound by fluid flow, aerodynamic sound, turbulence 43.28.Tc Sound-in-air measurements, methods and instrumentation for location, navigation, altimetry, and sound ranging 43.28.Vd Measurement methods and instrumentation to determine or evaluate atmospheric parameters, winds, turbulence, temperatures, and pollutants in air 43.28.We Measurement methods and instrumentation for remote sensing and for inverse problems 43.30.-k Underwater sound 43.30.Bp Normal mode propagation of sound in water 43.30.Cq Ray propagation of sound in water 43.30.Dr Hybrid and asymptotic propagation theories, related experiments 43.30.Es Velocity, attenuation, refraction, and diffraction in water, Doppler effect 43.30.Ft Volume scattering 43.30.Gv Backscattering, echoes, and reverberation in water due to combinations of boundaries 43.30.Hw Rough interface scattering 43.30.Jx Radiation from objects vibrating under water, acoustic and mechanical impedance 43.30.Ky Structures and materials for absorbing sound in water; propagation in fluid-filled permeable material 43.30.Lz Underwater applications of nonlinear acoustics; explosions 43.30.Ma Acoustics of sediments; ice covers, viscoelastic media; seismic underwater acoustics 43.30.Nb Noise in water; generation mechanisms and characteristics of the field 43.30.Pc Ocean parameter estimation by acoustical methods; remote sensing; imaging, inversion, acoustic tomography 43.30.Qd Global scale acoustics; ocean basin thermometry, transbasin acoustics 43.30.Re Signal coherence or fluctuation due to sound propagation/scattering in the ocean 43.30.Sf Acoustical detection of marine life; passive and active 43.30.Tg Navigational instruments using underwater sound 43.30.Vh Active sonar systems 43.30.Wi Passive sonar systems and algorithms, matched field processing in underwater acoustics 43.30.Xm Underwater measurement and calibration instrumentation and procedures 43.30.Yj Transducers and transducer arrays for underwater sound; transducer calibration 43.30.Zk Experimental modeling 43.35.-c Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics, and physical effects of sound 43.35.Ae Ultrasonic velocity, dispersion, scattering, diffraction, and attenuation in gases 43.35.Bf Ultrasonic velocity, dispersion, scattering, diffraction, and attenuation in liquids, liquid crystals, suspensions, and emulsions 43.35.Cg Ultrasonic velocity, dispersion, scattering, diffraction, and attenuation in solids; elastic constants 43.35.Dh Pretersonics (sound of frequency above 1010Hz); Brillouin scattering 43.35.Ei Acoustic cavitation in liquids 43.35.Fj Ultrasonic relaxation processes in gases, liquids, and solids 43.35.Gk Phonons in crystal lattices, quantum acoustics 43.35.Hl Sonoluminescence 43.35.Kp Plasma acoustics 43.35.Lq Low-temperature acoustics, sound in liquid helium 43.35.Mr Acoustics of viscoelastic materials 43.35.Ns Acoustical properties of thin films 43.35.Pt Surface waves in solids and liquids 43.35.Rw Magnetoacoustic effect; oscillations and resonance 43.35.Sx Acoustooptical effects, optoacoustics, acoustical visualization, acoustical microscopy, and acoustical holography 43.35.Ty Other physical effects of sound 43.35.Ud Thermoacoustics, high temperature acoustics, photoacoustic effect 43.35.Vz Chemical effects of ultrasound 43.35.Wa Biological effects of ultrasound, ultrasonic tomography 43.35.Xd Nuclear acoustical resonance, acoustical magnetic resonance 43.35.Yb Ultrasonic instrumentation and measurement techniques 43.35.Zc Use of ultrasonics in nondestructive testing, industrial processes, and industrial products 43.38.-p Transduction; acoustical devices for the generation and reproduction of sound 43.38.Ar Transducing principles, materials, and structures: general 43.38.Bs Electrostatic transducers 43.38.Ct Magnetostrictive transducers 43.38.Dv Electromagnetic and electrodynamic transducers 43.38.Ew Feedback transducers 43.38.Fx Piezoelectric and ferroelectric transducers 43.38.Gy Semiconductor transducers 43.38.Hz Transducer arrays, acoustic interaction effects in arrays 43.38.Ja Loudspeakers and horns, practical sound sources 43.38.Kb Microphones and their calibration 43.38.Lc Amplifiers, attenuators, and audio controls 43.38.Md Sound recording and reproducing systems, general concepts 43.38.Ne Mechanical, optical, and photographic recording and reproducing systems 43.38.Pf Hydroacoustic and hydraulic transducers 43.38.Qg Magnetic and electrostatic recording and reproducing systems 43.38.Rh Surface acoustic wave transducers 43.38.Si Telephones, earphones, sound power telephones, and intercommunication systems 43.38.Tj Public address systems, sound-reinforcement systems 43.38.Vk Stereophonic reproduction 43.38.Wl Broadcasting (radio and television) 43.38.Yn Impulse transducers 43.38.Zp Acoustooptic and photoacoustic transducers 43.40.-r Structural acoustics and vibration 43.40.At Experimental and theoretical studies of vibrating systems 43.40.Cw Vibrations of strings, rods, and beams 43.40.Dx Vibrations of membranes and plates 43.40.Ey Vibrations of shells 43.40.Fz Acoustic scattering by elastic structures 43.40.Ga Nonlinear vibration 43.40.Hb Random vibration 43.40.Jc Shock and shock reduction and absorption; velocity of shock waves 43.40.Kd Impact and impact reduction, mechanical transients 43.40.Le Techniques for nondestructive evaluation and monitoring, acoustic emission 43.40.Ng Effects of vibration and shock on biological systems, including man 43.40.Ph Seismology and geophysical prospecting; seismographs 43.40.Qi Effect of sound on structures, fatigue; spatial statistics of structural vibration 43.40.Rj Radiation from vibrating structures into fluid media 43.40.Sk Mechanical filters 43.40.Tm Vibration isolators, attenuators, and dampers 43.40.Vn Active vibration control 43.40.Yq Instrumentation and techniques for tests and measurement relating to shock and vibration, including vibration pickups, indicators, and generators, mechanical impedance 43.50.-x Noise: its effects and control 43.50.Ba Noisiness: rating methods and criteria 43.50.Cb Noise spectra, determination of sound power 43.50.Ed Noise generation 43.50.Fe Noise masking systems 43.50.Gf Noise control at source: redesign, application of absorptive materials and reactive elements, mufflers, noise silencers, noise barriers, and attenuators, etc. 43.50.Hg Noise control at the ear 43.50.Jh Noise in buildings and general machinery noise 43.50.Ki Active noise control 43.50.Lj Transportation noise sources: air, road, rail, and marine vehicles 43.50.Nm Aerodynamic and jet noise 43.50.Pn Impulse noise and noise due to impact 43.50.Qp Effects of noise on man and society 43.50.Rq Environmental noise, measurement, analysis, statistical characteristics 43.50.Sr Community noise, noise zoning, by-laws, and legislation 43.50.Vt Topographical and meteorological factors in noise propagation 43.50.Yw Instrumentation and techniques for noise measurement and analysis 43.55.-n Architectural acoustics 43.55.Br Room acoustics: theory and experiment; reverberation, normal modes, diffusion, transient and steady-state response 43.55.Cs Stationary response of rooms to noise; spatial statistics of room response; random testing 43.55.Dt Sound absorption in enclosures: theory and measurement; use of absorption in offices, commercial and domestic spaces 43.55.Ev Sound absorption properties of materials: theory and measurement of sound absorption coefficients; acoustic impedance and admittance 43.55.Fw Auditorium and enclosure design 43.55.Gx Studies of existing auditoria and enclosures 43.55.Hy Subjective effects in room acoustics, speech in rooms 43.55.Jz Sound-reinforcement systems for rooms and enclosures 43.55.Ka Computer simulation of acoustics in enclosures, modeling 43.55.Lb Electrical simulation of reverberation 43.55.Mc Room acoustics measuring instruments, computer measurement of room properties 43.55.Nd Reverberation room design: theory, applications to measurements of sound absorption, transmission loss, sound power 43.55.Pe Anechoic chamber design, wedges 43.55.Rg Sound transmission through walls and through ducts: theory and measurement 43.55.Ti Sound-isolating structures, values of transmission coefficients 43.55.Vj Vibration-isolating supports in building acoustics 43.55.Wk Damping of panels 43.58.-e Acoustical measurements and instrumentation 43.58.Bh Acoustic impedance measurement 43.58.Dj Sound velocity 43.58.Fm Sound level meters, level recorders, sound pressure, particle velocity, and sound intensity measurements, meters, and controllers 43.58.Gn Acoustic impulse analyzers and measurements 43.58.Hp Tuning forks, frequency standards; frequency measuring and recording instruments; time standards and chronographs 43.58.Jq Wave and tone synthesizers 43.58.Kr Spectrum and frequency analyzers and filters; acoustical and electrical oscillographs; photoacoustic spectrometers; acoustical delay lines and resonators 43.58.Ls Acoustical lenses and microscopes 43.58.Mt Phase meters 43.58.Pw Rayleigh disks 43.58.Ry Distortion: frequency, nonlinear, phase, and transient; measurement of distortion 43.58.Ta Computers and computer programs in acoustics 43.58.Vb Calibration of acoustical devices and systems 43.58.Wc Electrical and mechanical oscillators 43.60.-c Acoustic signal processing 43.60.Ac Theory of acoustic signal processing 43.60.Bf Acoustic signal detection and classification, applications to control systems 43.60.Cg Statistical properties of signals and noise 43.60.Dh Signal processing for communications: telephony and telemetry, sound pickup and reproduction, multimedia 43.60.Ek Acoustic signal coding, morphology, and transformation 43.60.Fg Acoustic array systems and processing, beam-forming 43.60.Gk Space-time signal processing, other than matched field processing 43.60.Hj Time-frequency signal processing, wavelets 43.60.Jn Source localization and parameter estimation 43.60.Kx Matched field processing 43.60.Lq Acoustic imaging, displays, pattern recognition, feature extraction 43.60.Mn Adaptive processing 43.60.Np Acoustic signal processing techniques for neural nets and learning systems 43.60.Pt Signal processing techniques for acoustic inverse problems 43.60.Qv Signal processing instrumentation, integrated systems, smart transducers, devices and architectures, displays and interfaces for acoustic systems 43.60.Rw Remote sensing methods, acoustic tomography 43.60.Sx Acoustic holography 43.60.Tj Wave front reconstruction, acoustic time-reversal, and phase conjugation 43.60.Uv Model-based signal processing 43.60.Vx Acoustic sensing and acquisition 43.60.Wy Non-stationary signal analysis, non-linear systems, and higher order statistics 43.64.-q Physiological acoustics 43.64.Bt Models and theories of the auditory system 43.64.Dw Anatomy of the cochlea and auditory nerve 43.64.Fy Anatomy of the auditory central nervous system 43.64.Gz Biochemistry and pharmacology of the auditory system 43.64.Ha Acoustical properties of the outer ear; middle-ear mechanics and reflex 43.64.Jb Otoacoustic emissions 43.64.Kc Cochlear mechanics 43.64.Ld Physiology of hair cells 43.64.Me Effects of electrical stimulation, cochlear implant 43.64.Nf Cochlear electrophysiology 43.64.Pg Electrophysiology of the auditory nerve 43.64.Qh Electrophysiology of the auditory central nervous system 43.64.Ri Evoked responses to sounds 43.64.Sj Neural responses to speech 43.64.Tk Physiology of sound generation and detection by animals 43.64.Vm Physiology of the somatosensory system 43.64.Wn Effects of noise and trauma on the auditory system 43.64.Yp Instruments and methods 43.66.-x Psychological acoustics 43.66.Ba Models and theories of auditory processes 43.66.Cb Loudness, absolute threshold 43.66.Dc Masking 43.66.Ed Auditory fatigue, temporary threshold shift 43.66.Fe Discrimination: intensity and frequency 43.66.Gf Detection and discrimination of sound by animals 43.66.Hg Pitch 43.66.Jh Timbre 43.66.Ki Subjective tones 43.66.Lj Perceptual effects of sound 43.66.Mk Temporal and sequential aspects of hearing 43.66.Nm Phase effects 43.66.Pn Binaural hearing 43.66.Qp Localization of sound sources 43.66.Rq Dichotic listening 43.66.Sr Deafness, audiometry, aging effects 43.66.Ts Auditory prostheses, hearing aids 43.66.Vt Hearing protection 43.66.Wv Vibration and tactile senses 43.66.Yw Instruments and methods related to hearing and its measurement 43.70.-h Speech production 43.70.Aj Anatomy and physiology of the vocal tract, larynx function, speech aerodynamics, articulatory kinematics, artificial larynx 43.70.Bk Models and theories of speech production 43.70.Dn Disordered speech; speech training 43.70.Ep Development of speech production 43.70.Fq Acoustical correlates of phonetic segments and suprasegmental properties: stress, timing, and intonation 43.70.Gr Voice and talker characteristics 43.70.Jt Instrumentation and methodology for speech production research 43.70.Kv Cross-language analysis of speech 43.71.-k Speech perception 43.71.An Models and theories of speech perception 43.71.Bp Perception of voice and talker characteristics 43.71.Es Vowel and consonant perception; perception of words, sentences, and fluent speech 43.71.Ft Development of speech perception 43.71.Gv Measures of speech perception (intelligibility and quality) 43.71.Hw Cross-language perception of speech 43.71.Ky Speech perception by the hearing impaired 43.71.Lz Speech perception by the aging 43.71.Ma Visual and tactile speech perception 43.71.Pc Peripheral and central mechanisms in speech perception 43.72.-p Speech processing and communication systems 43.72.Ar Speech analysis and analysis techniques; parametric representation of speech 43.72.Bs Neural networks for speech recognition 43.72.Ct Acoustical methods for determining vocal tract shapes 43.72.Dv Speech-noise interaction 43.72.Ew Speech enhancement techniques 43.72.Fx Talker identification and adaptation algorithms 43.72.Gy Narrow, medium, and wideband speech coding 43.72.Ja Speech synthesis and synthesis techniques 43.72.Kb Speech communication systems and speech performance 43.72.Lc Time and frequency alignment procedures for speech 43.72.Ne Automatic speech recognition systems 43.72.Pf Automatic talker recognition systems 43.75.-z Music and musical instruments 43.75.Bc Intonation, vibrato, musical scales, and musical composition 43.75.Cd Music perception and cognition 43.75.De Bowed stringed instruments 43.75.Ef Woodwinds 43.75.Fg Brass wind instruments (lip-vibrated) 43.75.Gh Plucked stringed instruments 43.75.Hi Drums and other membranophonic instruments 43.75.Kk Bells, xylophones, and other instruments having rigid vibrators 43.75.Mn Pianos and other keyboard stringed instruments 43.75.Np Pipe organs 43.75.Pq Reed wind instruments 43.75.Qr Flue wind instruments 43.75.Rs Singing 43.75.St Musical performance analysis and training 43.75.Tv Electrical musical instruments 43.75.Wx Electronic music, computer music 43.75.Yy Instrumentation and techniques for measurements 43.80.-n Bioacoustics 43.80.Cs Acoustical characteristics of biological media: molecular species, cellular level tissues 43.80.Ev Acoustical measurement methods in biological systems and media 43.80.Gx Mechanisms of action of acoustic energy on biologicalsystems: physical processes, sites of action 43.80.Jz Use of acoustic energy (with or without other forms) in studies of structure and function of biological systems 43.80.Ka Sound production by animals: mechanisms, characteristics, populations, biosonar 43.80.Lb Sound reception by animals: anatomy, physiology, auditory capacities, processing 43.80.Nd Effects of noise on animals and associated behavior, protective mechanisms 43.80.Pe Agroacoustics 43.80.Qf Medical diagnosis with acoustics 43.80.Sh Medical use of ultrasonics for tissue modification (permanent and temporary) 43.80.Vj Acoustical medical instrumentation and measurement techniques